16-05-2012, 01:45 PM
GPS – TRACKING SYSTEM
[attachment=22146]
INTRODUCTION
GPS tracking means to trace something or someone with the Global Positioning System. The GPS tracking system is a space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on OR near the earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four OR more GPS satellites.
It is a satellite based navigation system that consists of 24 orbiting satellites, each of which makes two circuits around the earth every 24 hours. These satellites transmit three bits of information – the satellite’s number, its position in space, and the time the information is sent. These signals are picked up by the GPS receiver, which uses this information to calculate the distance between it and the GPS satellites.
With signals from three OR more satellites, A GPS receiver can triangulate its location on the ground from the known position of the satellites. With four OR more satellites, a GPS receiver can determine a 3D position. In addition, a GPS receiver can provide data on your speed and direction of travel. Anyone with a GPS receiver can access the system. Because GPS provides real-time, three-dimensional positioning, navigation, and timing 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, all over the world. It is used in many applications including GIS data collection, surveying and mapping.
It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver. The GPS consist of 24 satellites and land based control stations. By using GPS satellites, local land based networks and wireless radio signals LT will find you, whenever you are.
The GPS tracking program provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. In addition, GPS is the backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system.
HISTORY
The GPS was developed in the 1940 by Dacca Navigator, which is based on ground based radio navigation system. And it is used first during the Second World War in 1956.The additional GPS system came by the launching of the SOVIET UNION, first man made satellite. The first satellite navigation system OR tracking system used by United States Navy in 1960.
In 1970, the ground based OMEGA navigation system became the first world wide radio navigation system. GPS is owned and operated by United States as a National Resource in 1996. The GPS tracking system developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of the previous navigation system. The GPS tracking system became fully operational in 1994. Interagency GPS Executive Board oversaw GPS from 1996 to 2004.
After this the National space based positioning Navigation and Timing Executive committee was established by presidential directive in 2004 to advise and coordinate federal department and agencies on the matter concerning GPS and related system.
In 200, the first modernized GPS satellite was launched and began transmitting a second civilian signal for enhanced user performance. In 2010, the U.S Air Force awarded the contract to develop the GPS next Generation Operational Control System to improve accuracy and availability of GPS navigation signals, and serve as a critical part of GPS modernization. In 2011 the International Astronautical federation awarded the GPS system, its 60th anniversary award.
NECESSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Defense were facing the challenges to increase the
security of the U.S
During the emergencies we required immediate tracking of some
important people.
Logistic companies need tracing of their fleet for reliable operations.
Personal valuable vehicles and goods when stolen OR lost then were
not easier to locate.
To reach the unfamiliar place when it required to go that place.
To find the required things among the huge group of the same things.
For knowing the coming results of the various events.
So, for a lots of reasons in regular life we required GPS technology for
use.
CONCEPT
A GPS based system – In vehicle navigation system that not only plans a route OR guide the driver along the route but a system that is also capable of presenting the varying levels of driving information, communication information to the vehicle operator and passengers.
In short a complete monitoring solution of the vehicle like air traffics in the road, one can easily control the entire system with the single click of mouse.
Our GPS tracking system is an easiest to manage. Even a non technical person can manage entire system with the ease and comfort. Our system just need GPS device/mobile attached with the tracking object and a Laptop/PC only, that’s it.
The main two concepts after the GPS system is following:
1. Position Calculation Introduction
2. Correcting a GPS receiver clock
Position calculation Introduction
A satellite's position and pseudo range define a sphere, centred on the satellite, with radius equal to the pseudo range. The position of the receiver is somewhere on the surface of this sphere. Thus with four satellites, the indicated position of the GPS receiver is at or near the intersection of the surfaces of four spheres. In the ideal case of no errors, the GPS receiver would be at a precise intersection of the four surfaces.
If the surfaces of two spheres intersect at more than one point, they intersect in a circle. Two points where the surfaces of the spheres intersect. The distance between the two points is the diameter of the circle of intersection. The intersection of a third spherical surface with the first two will be its intersection with that circle. This means they intersect at two points. The surface of Sphere Intersecting a Circle at two points illustrates the intersection.
For automobiles and other near-earth vehicles, the correct position of the GPS receiver is the intersection closest to the Earth's surface. For space vehicles, the intersection farthest from Earth may be the correct one. The correct position for the GPS receiver is also the intersection closest to the surface of the sphere corresponding to the fourth satellite.
Correcting a GPS receiver Clock
One of the most significant error sources is the GPS receiver's clock. Because of the very large value of the speed of light, c, the estimated distances from the GPS receiver to the satellites, the pseudo ranges, are very sensitive to errors in the GPS receiver clock. The accurate and expensive clock is required for the GPS receiver to work. Because manufacturers prefer to build inexpensive GPS receivers for mass markets, the solution for this dilemma is based on the way sphere surfaces intersect in the GPS problem.
It is likely that the surfaces of the three spheres intersect, because the circle of intersection of the first two spheres is normally quite large, and thus the third sphere surface is likely to intersect this large circle. It is very unlikely that the surface of the sphere corresponding to the fourth satellite will intersect either of the two points of intersection of the first three, because any clock error could cause it to miss intersecting a point. However, the distance from the valid estimate of GPS receiver position to the surface of the sphere corresponding to the fourth satellite can be used to compute a clock correction.
[attachment=22146]
INTRODUCTION
GPS tracking means to trace something or someone with the Global Positioning System. The GPS tracking system is a space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on OR near the earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four OR more GPS satellites.
It is a satellite based navigation system that consists of 24 orbiting satellites, each of which makes two circuits around the earth every 24 hours. These satellites transmit three bits of information – the satellite’s number, its position in space, and the time the information is sent. These signals are picked up by the GPS receiver, which uses this information to calculate the distance between it and the GPS satellites.
With signals from three OR more satellites, A GPS receiver can triangulate its location on the ground from the known position of the satellites. With four OR more satellites, a GPS receiver can determine a 3D position. In addition, a GPS receiver can provide data on your speed and direction of travel. Anyone with a GPS receiver can access the system. Because GPS provides real-time, three-dimensional positioning, navigation, and timing 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, all over the world. It is used in many applications including GIS data collection, surveying and mapping.
It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver. The GPS consist of 24 satellites and land based control stations. By using GPS satellites, local land based networks and wireless radio signals LT will find you, whenever you are.
The GPS tracking program provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. In addition, GPS is the backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system.
HISTORY
The GPS was developed in the 1940 by Dacca Navigator, which is based on ground based radio navigation system. And it is used first during the Second World War in 1956.The additional GPS system came by the launching of the SOVIET UNION, first man made satellite. The first satellite navigation system OR tracking system used by United States Navy in 1960.
In 1970, the ground based OMEGA navigation system became the first world wide radio navigation system. GPS is owned and operated by United States as a National Resource in 1996. The GPS tracking system developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of the previous navigation system. The GPS tracking system became fully operational in 1994. Interagency GPS Executive Board oversaw GPS from 1996 to 2004.
After this the National space based positioning Navigation and Timing Executive committee was established by presidential directive in 2004 to advise and coordinate federal department and agencies on the matter concerning GPS and related system.
In 200, the first modernized GPS satellite was launched and began transmitting a second civilian signal for enhanced user performance. In 2010, the U.S Air Force awarded the contract to develop the GPS next Generation Operational Control System to improve accuracy and availability of GPS navigation signals, and serve as a critical part of GPS modernization. In 2011 the International Astronautical federation awarded the GPS system, its 60th anniversary award.
NECESSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Defense were facing the challenges to increase the
security of the U.S
During the emergencies we required immediate tracking of some
important people.
Logistic companies need tracing of their fleet for reliable operations.
Personal valuable vehicles and goods when stolen OR lost then were
not easier to locate.
To reach the unfamiliar place when it required to go that place.
To find the required things among the huge group of the same things.
For knowing the coming results of the various events.
So, for a lots of reasons in regular life we required GPS technology for
use.
CONCEPT
A GPS based system – In vehicle navigation system that not only plans a route OR guide the driver along the route but a system that is also capable of presenting the varying levels of driving information, communication information to the vehicle operator and passengers.
In short a complete monitoring solution of the vehicle like air traffics in the road, one can easily control the entire system with the single click of mouse.
Our GPS tracking system is an easiest to manage. Even a non technical person can manage entire system with the ease and comfort. Our system just need GPS device/mobile attached with the tracking object and a Laptop/PC only, that’s it.
The main two concepts after the GPS system is following:
1. Position Calculation Introduction
2. Correcting a GPS receiver clock
Position calculation Introduction
A satellite's position and pseudo range define a sphere, centred on the satellite, with radius equal to the pseudo range. The position of the receiver is somewhere on the surface of this sphere. Thus with four satellites, the indicated position of the GPS receiver is at or near the intersection of the surfaces of four spheres. In the ideal case of no errors, the GPS receiver would be at a precise intersection of the four surfaces.
If the surfaces of two spheres intersect at more than one point, they intersect in a circle. Two points where the surfaces of the spheres intersect. The distance between the two points is the diameter of the circle of intersection. The intersection of a third spherical surface with the first two will be its intersection with that circle. This means they intersect at two points. The surface of Sphere Intersecting a Circle at two points illustrates the intersection.
For automobiles and other near-earth vehicles, the correct position of the GPS receiver is the intersection closest to the Earth's surface. For space vehicles, the intersection farthest from Earth may be the correct one. The correct position for the GPS receiver is also the intersection closest to the surface of the sphere corresponding to the fourth satellite.
Correcting a GPS receiver Clock
One of the most significant error sources is the GPS receiver's clock. Because of the very large value of the speed of light, c, the estimated distances from the GPS receiver to the satellites, the pseudo ranges, are very sensitive to errors in the GPS receiver clock. The accurate and expensive clock is required for the GPS receiver to work. Because manufacturers prefer to build inexpensive GPS receivers for mass markets, the solution for this dilemma is based on the way sphere surfaces intersect in the GPS problem.
It is likely that the surfaces of the three spheres intersect, because the circle of intersection of the first two spheres is normally quite large, and thus the third sphere surface is likely to intersect this large circle. It is very unlikely that the surface of the sphere corresponding to the fourth satellite will intersect either of the two points of intersection of the first three, because any clock error could cause it to miss intersecting a point. However, the distance from the valid estimate of GPS receiver position to the surface of the sphere corresponding to the fourth satellite can be used to compute a clock correction.