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WIRELESS COMMUNICATION


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Introduction

Whether it’s because you have made a call using a mobile phone, received a message
on your pager, checked your email from a PDA, we have all come across a wireless
data or voice network!
If a user, application or company wishes to make data portable,
mobile and accessible then wireless networking is the answer. A wireless
networking system would rid of the downtime you would normally have in a wired
network due to cable problems. It would also save time and money due to the fact
that you would spare the expense of installing a lot of cables. Also, if a client
computer needs to relocate to another part of the office then all you need to do is
move the machine with the wireless network card.
Wireless networking can prove to be very
useful in public places – libraries, guest houses, hotels, cafeterias, and schools are all
places where one might find wireless access to the Internet. From a financial point of
view, this is beneficial to both the provider and the client. The provider would offer
the service for a charge – probably on a pay per use system, and the client would be
able to take advantage of this service in a convenient location; away from the office or
home.

What is a network?

A network is a set of devices connected by media links. A node
can be a computer, printer, or any other device capable of sending and receiving data
generated by other nodes on the network. The links connecting the devices are often
called communication channels.
Types of networks
A) Token ring networks
B) Ethernet networks
C) Wireless networks
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What is a wireless network?
A network protocol that enables online content to be viewed via wireless devices
Such as cellphones, laptops and handhelds are called a wireless network.
Bluetooth is a simple type of wireless networking
that allows the formation of a small network with up to eight devices being connected
at once. Such devices would include PDAs, Laptops, Mobile Phones and Personal
Computers. However, Bluetooth may also be found in keyboards, mice, headsets and
mobile phone hands-free kits, amongst others. It was originally invented by Ericsson
in 1994. In 1998 the Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group) was formed by a small
number of major companies – Ericsson, Nokia, Intel and Toshiba – to help each other
develop and promote the technology. Bluetooth falls under personal area
networking since it is has a very short range – 30 to 300 feet. This sort of range adds
to the security of such a technology in that if someone wanted to sniff your
connection they would not only need special equipment but they would have to be
fairly close to you. The main features of Bluetooth are that unlike Infra Red, the
signal is not affected by walls it uses radio technology, it is not very expensive, and
has little power consumption.
Wireless Communication



Wireless telecommunications is the transfer of information between two or more points that are not physically connected. Distances can be short, such as a few meters for television remote control, or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications. It encompasses various types of fixed, mobile, and portable two-way radios, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. Other examples ofwireless technology include GPS units, Garage door openers or garage doors, wireless computer mice, keyboards and Headset (telephone/computer),headphones, radio receivers, satellite television, broadcast television and cordless telephones.

Introduction
Wireless operations permit services, such as long range communications, that are impossible or impractical to implement with the use of wires. The term is commonly used in the telecommunications industry to refer to telecommunications systems (e.g. radio transmitters and receivers, remote controls, computer networks, network terminals, etc.) which use some form of energy (e.g. radio frequency (RF),acoustic energy, etc.) to transfer information without the use of wires.[1] Information is transferred in this manner over both short and long distances.

Modes

Wireless communications can be via:
radio frequency communication,
microwave communication, for example long-range line-of-sight via highly directional antennas, or short-range communication,
infrared (IR) short-range communication, for example from consumer IR devices such as remote controls or via Infrared Data Association (IrDA).

Wireless data communications

Wireless data communications are an essential component of mobile computing.[6] The various available technologies differ in local availability, coverage range and performance[7][8], and in some circumstances, users must be able to employ multiple connection types and switch between them. To simplify the experience for the user, connection manager software can be used [9][10], or amobile VPN deployed to handle the multiple connections as a secure, single virtual network.[11]

Supporting technologies include:

Wi-Fi is a wireless local area network that enables portable computing devices to connect easily to the Internet[citation needed]. Standardized as IEEE 802.11 a,b,g,n, Wi-Fi approaches speeds of some types of wired Ethernet. Wi-Fi has become the de facto standard for access in private homes, within offices, and at public hotspots.[12] Some businesses charge customers a monthly fee for service, while others have begun offering it for free in an effort to increase the sales of their goods.[13]
Cellular data service offers effective coverage within a range of 10-15 miles from the nearest cell site.[7] Speeds have increased as technologies have evolved, from earlier technologies such asGSM, CDMA and GPRS, to 3G networks such as W-CDMA, EDGE or CDMA2000.[14][15]
Mobile Satellite Communications may be used where other wireless connections are unavailable, such as in largely rural areas[16] or remote locations.[7] Satellite communications are especially important for transportation, aviation, maritime and military use.[17]
Wireless communications

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Introduction:

Wireless communications is one of the most active areas of technology development of our time. This development is being driven primarily by the transformation of what has been largely a medium for supporting voicetelephony into a medium for supporting other services, such as the transmission of video, images, text, and data. Thus, similar to the developments in wireline capacity in the 1990s, the demand for new wireless capacity is growing at a very rapid pace. Although there are, of course, still a great many technical problems to be solved in wireline communications, demands for additional wireline capacity can be fulfilled largely with the addition of new private infrastructure, such as additional optical fiber, routers, switches, and so on. On the other hand, the traditional resources that have been used to add capacity to wireless systems are radio bandwidth and transmitter power. Unfortunately, these two resources are among the most severely limited in the deployment of modern wireless networks: radio bandwidth because of the very tight situation with regard to useful radio spectrum, and transmitter power because mobile and other portable services require the use of battery power.

Wireless networks

Wireless networking (i.e. the various types of unlicensed 2.4 GHz WiFi devices) is used to meet many needs. Perhaps the most common use is to connect laptop users who travel from location to location. Another common use is for mobile networks that connect via satellite. A wireless transmission method is a logical choice to network a LAN segment that must frequently change locations. The following situations justify the use of wireless technology.

Early wireless work

David E. Hughes transmitted radio signals over a few hundred yards by means of a clockwork keyed transmitter in 1879. As this was before Maxwell's work was understood, Hughes' contemporaries dismissed his achievement as mere "Induction". In 1885, T. A. Edison used a vibrator magnet for induction transmission. In 1888, Edison deployed a system of signaling on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. In 1891, Edison obtained the wireless patent for this method using inductance (U.S. Patent 465,971).
In the history of wireless technology, the demonstration of the theory of electromagnetic waves by Heinrich Hertz in 1888 was important. The theory of electromagnetic waves was predicted from the research of James Clerk Maxwell and Michael Faraday. Hertz demonstrated that electromagnetic waves could be transmitted and caused to travel through space at straight lines and that they were able to be received by an experimental apparatus. The experiments were not followed up by Hertz. Jagadish Chandra Bose around this time developed an early wireless detection device and helped increase the knowledge of millimeter length electromagnetic waves. Practical applications of wireless radio communication and radio remote control technology were implemented by later inventors, such as Nikola Tesla.

Wireless data communications

Wireless data communications are an essential component of mobile computing. The various available technologies differ in local availability, coverage range and performance, and in some circumstances, users must be able to employ multiple connection types and switch between them. To simplify the experience for the user, connection manager software can be used , or a mobile VPN deployed to handle the multiple connections as a secure, single virtual network.




Wireless Communication

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Introduction

In 1895, Guglielmo Marconi opened the way for modern wireless communications by transmitting the three-dot Morse code for the letter ‘S’ over a distance of three kilometers using electromagnetic waves.
From this beginning, wireless communications has developed into a key element of modern society.
From satellite transmission, radio and television broadcasting to the now ubiquitous mobile telephone, wireless communications has revolutionized the way societies function.

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors
or "wires“.
The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in television remote control) or
long (thousands or millions of kilometers for radio communications).
When the context is clear, the term is often shortened to "wireless".
Wireless communication is generally considered to be a branch of telecommunications.

History

The term "Wireless" came into public use to refer to a radio receiver or transceiver, establishing its usage in the field of wireless telegraphy early on…
Now the term is used to describe modern wireless connections such as in cellular networks and wireless broadband Internet.
It is also used in a general sense to refer to any type of operation that is implemented without the use of wires,
such as "wireless remote control" or "wireless energy transfer",
regardless of the specific technology that is used to accomplish the operation.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

Light, colors, AM and FM radio and electronic devices make use of the electromagnetic spectrum
In the US the frequencies that are available for use for communication are treated as a public resource and are regulated by the Federal Communications Commission
This determines which frequency ranges can be used for what purpose and by whom.

COMPUTER INTERFACE DEVICES

Usb, pen drives and bluetooth devices
Originally units used bulky,highly limited transceivers to mediate between a computer and a keyboard and mouse,
Recent generation have used small,high quality devices some even incorporating “BLUETOOTH”

CONCLUSION

By using wireless communication we can easily transfer the data because it is portable
Reliable
Lightweight
And cheap in cost


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