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Blu-ray Disc

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Introduction

Tokyo Japan, February 19, 2002: Nine leading companies today
announced that they have jointly established the basic specifications for a next
generation large capacity optical disc video recording format called "Blu-ray
Disc". The Blu-ray Disc enables the recording, rewriting and play back of up to
27 gigabytes (GB) of data on a single sided single layer 12cm CD/DVD size disc
using a 405nm blue-violet laser.
By employing a short wavelength blue violet laser, the Blu-ray Disc
successfully minimizes its beam spot size by making the numerical aperture
(NA) on a field lens that converges the laser 0.85. In addition, by using a disc
structure with a 0.1mm optical transmittance protection layer, the Blu-ray Disc
diminishes aberration caused by disc tilt. This also allows for disc better readout
and an increased recording density. The Blu-ray Disc's tracking pitch is reduced
to 0.32um, almost half of that of a regular DVD, achieving up to 27 GB highdensity
recording on a single sided disc.
Because the Blu-ray Disc utilizes global standard "MPEG-2 Transport
Stream" compression technology highly compatible with digital broadcasting for
video recording, a wide range of content can be recorded. It is possible for the
Blu-ray Disc to record digital high definition broadcasting while maintaining
high quality and other data simultaneously with video data if they are received
together. In addition, the adoption of a unique ID written on a Blu-ray Disc
realizes high quality copyright protection functions.
The Blu-ray Disc is a technology platform that can store sound and video
while maintaining high quality and also access the stored content in an easy-to101seminartopics.
com
use way. This will be important in the coming broadband era as content
distribution becomes increasingly diversified. The nine companies involved in
the announcement will respectively develop products that take full advantage of
Blu-ray Disc's large capacity and high-speed data transfer rate. They are also
aiming to further enhance the appeal of the new format through developing a
larger capacity, such as over 30GB on a single sided single layer disc and over
50GB on a single sided double layer disc. Adoption of the Blu-ray Disc in a
variety of applications including PC data storage and high definition video
software is being considered.

Concept of the format establishment :

To realize the large capacity with 12cm disc
- More than 2-hour high definition video recording
- High capacity of more than 4-hour recording by double layer
technology.
To cope with digital broadcasting
- High compatibility with digital broadcasting
- To prevent illegitimate duplication of contents
To enhance the Blu-ray Disc world
- Adoption of the Blu-ray Disc in variety of media and applications
Main Features of physical format:

Large recording capacity up to 27GB:
By adopting a 405nm blue-violet semiconductor laser, with a 0.85NA
field lens and a 0.1mm optical transmittance protection disc layer structure, it
101seminartopics.com
can record up to 27GB video data on a single sided 12cm phase change disc. It
can record over 2 hours of digital high definition video and more than 13 hours
of standard TV broadcasting (VHS/standard definition picture quality, 3.8Mbps)

Easy to use disc cartridge:

An easy to use optical disc cartridge protects the optical disc's recording
and playback phase from dust and fingerprints

High-speed data transfer rate 36Mbps:

It is possible for the Blu-ray Disc to record digital high definition
broadcasts or high definition images from a digital video camera while
maintaining the original picture quality. In addition, by fully utilizing an optical
disc's random accessing functions, it is possible to easily edit video data captured
on a video camera or play back pre-recorded video on the disc while
simultaneously recording images being broadcast on TV.

BLU RAY DISC

INTRODUCTION

Blu-ray Disc is an optical disc storage medium designed to supersede the standard DVD format.
Its main uses are for storing High Definition Video, video games, and other Data storage applications.
The name Blu-ray Disc derives from the Blue – violet laser used to read the disc.

Background Information

1998 – Release of High-Definition Televisions
Shuji Nakamura invents blue-laser technology but kept off market due to patent problems
The first DVR Blue prototypes unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in October 2000
The DVD Forum deeply split over whether to develop blue laser technology because of its higher expense.
Sony includes blu-ray players in PlayStation3 – although HD DVD head starts in the high-definition video market, this changed the game
 By February 2008, Toshiba withdrew its support for the HD DVD format, leaving Blu-ray the victor

WORKING OF BLU-RAY DISC

Discs store digitally encoded video and audio
Information in pits , spiral grooves that run from the
center of the disc to its edges .
A laser reads the other side of these pits
to play the movie or program that is
stored on the disc.
The more data that is contained on a disc, the
smaller and more closely packed the pits must be.

Laser and Optics Used in Blu-ray

The blue-violet laser's shorter wavelength makes it possible to
store more information on a 12 cm CD/DVD-size disc.
The minimum “spot size" on which a laser can be focused is
limited by diffraction, and depends on the wavelength of the
light and the NA of the lens used to focus it .
By decreasing the wavelength and increasing the numerical
aperture from 0.60 to 0.85, and making the cover layer thinner
to avoid unwanted optical effects, the laser beam can be
focused to a smaller spot.
This allows more information to be stored in the same area.
For Blu-ray Disc, the spot size is 580 nm.

Blu-ray Disc

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Blu-ray Disc (official abbreviation BD) is an optical disc
storage medium designed to supersede the DVD format.
The plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick,
the same size as DVDs and CDs. Blu-ray Discs contain 25
GB per layer, with dual layer discs (50 GB) being the
norm for feature-length video discs. Triple layer discs
(100 GB) and quadruple layers (128 GB) are available for
BD-XL re-writer drives.[2]
The major application of Blu-ray Discs is as a medium for
video material such as feature films. Besides the hardware
specifications, Blu-ray Disc is associated with a set of
multimedia formats. Generally these formats allow for the
video and audio to be stored with greater definition than
on DVD.

History

Origins
The information density of the DVD format was limited
by the wavelength of the laser diodes used. Following
protracted development, blue laser diodes operating
around 400 nanometers became available on a production
basis. Sony started two projects in collaboration with
Philips[7] applying the new diodes: UDO (Ultra Density
Optical),[8] and DVR Blue (together with Pioneer),[9] a
format of rewritable discs that would eventually become
Blu-ray Disc (more specifically, BD-RE). The core
technologies of the formats are similar.

Competition from HD DVD

The DVD Forum, chaired by Toshiba, was split over whether to develop the more expensive blue laser
technology. In March 2002, the forum approved a proposal endorsed by Warner Bros. and other motion
picture studios that involved compressing HD content onto dual-layer standard DVD-9 discs.[31][32] In spite
of this decision, however, the DVD Forum's Steering Committee announced in April that it was pursuing its
own blue-laser high-definition video solution. In August, Toshiba and NEC announced their competing
standard, Advanced Optical Disc.[33] It was finally adopted by the DVD Forum and renamed HD DVD the
next year,[34] after being voted down twice by DVD Forum members who were also Blu-ray Disc
Association members—a situation that drew preliminary investigations by the U.S. Department of Justice.
[35][36]

Future prospects and market trends

According to Adams Media Research, high-definition software sales in the US were slower in the first two
years than DVD software sales.[47] 16.3 million DVD software units were sold in the first two years
(1997–98) compared to 8.3 million high-definition software units (2006–07).[47][48] One reason given for
this difference was the smaller marketplace (26.5 million HDTVs in 2007 compared to 100 million SDTVs in
1998).[47][48] Former HD DVD supporter Microsoft has stated that they are not planning to make a Blu-ray
Disc drive for the Xbox 360.[49]
Blu-ray Disc began making serious strides as soon as the format war ended. Nielsen VideoScan sales
numbers showed that with some titles, such as 20th Century Fox's Hitman, up to 14% of total disc sales were
from Blu-ray, although the average for the first half of the year was around 5%. Shortly after the format war
ended, a study by The NPD Group found that awareness of Blu-ray Disc had reached 60% of U.S.
households. In December 2008, the Blu-ray Disc of The Dark Knight sold 600,000 copies on the first day of
its launch in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.[50] A week after launch, The Dark Knight
BD had sold over 1.7 million copies worldwide, making it the first Blu-ray Disc title to sell over a million
copies in the first week of release.