29-05-2012, 12:36 PM
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
[attachment=23314]
CONTROL CENTRE OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEMS
Syllabus :
Introduction to SCADA, control centre, digital computer configuration,
automatic generation control, area control error, operation without central
computers, expression for tie-line flow and frequency deviation, parallel
operation of generators, area lumped dynamic model.
General
Electrical Technology was founded on the remarkable discovery by Faraday that a
changing magnetic flux creates an electric field. Out of that discovery, grew the largest
and most complex engineering achievement of man : the electric power system.
Indeed, life without electricity is now unimaginable. Electric power systems form the
basic infrastructure of a country. Even as we read this, electrical energy is being
produced at rates in excess of hundreds of giga-watts (1 GW = 1,000,000,000 W).
Giant rotors spinning at speeds up to 3000 rotations per minute bring us the energy
stored in the potential energy of water, or in fossil fuels. Yet we notice electricity only
when the lights go out!
While the basic features of the electrical power system have remained practically
unchanged in the past century, but there are some significant milestones in the
evolution of electrical power systems.
Topics to be studied
• Introduction to SCADA
• Control Centre
• Digital Computer Configuration
• Automatic Generation Control
• Area Control Error
• Operation Without Central Computers
• Expression for Tie Line Flow
• Parallel Operation of Generators
• Area Lumped Dynamic Model
Introduction
Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for the industrial and all round
development of any country. It is generated centrally in bulk and transmitted
economically over long distances.
Electrical energy is conserved at every step in the process of Generation,
Transmission, Distribution and utilization of electrical energy. The electrical utility
industry is probably the largest and most complex industry in the world and
hence very complex and challenging problems to be handled by power
engineering particularly, in designing future power system to deliver increasing
amounts of electrical energy. This calls for perfect understanding, analysis and
decision making of the system. This power system operation and its control play
a very important task in the world of Electrical Power Engineering.
Power Quality
Power quality is characterized by –
a. Stable AC voltages at near nominal values and at near rated frequency
subject to acceptable minor variations, free from annoying voltage flicker,
voltage sags and frequency fluctuations.
b. Near sinusoidal current and voltage wave forms free from higher order
harmonics
All electrical equipments are rated to operate at near rated voltage
and rated frequency.
Effects of Poor Power Quality
- Maloperation of control devices, relays etc.
- Extra losses in capacitors, transformers and rotating machines
- Fast ageing of equipments
- Loss of production due to service interruptions
- Electro-magnetic interference due to transients
- power fluctuation not tolerated by power electronic parts
Major causes of Poor Power Quality
- Nonlinear Loads
- Adjustable speed drives
- Traction Drives
- Start of large motor loads
- Arc furnaces
- Intermittent load transients
- Lightning
- Switching Operations
- Fault Occurrences
Steps to address Power Quality issues
• Detailed field measurements
• Monitor electrical parameters at various places to assess the operating conditions
in terms of power quality.
• Detailed studies using a computer model. The accuracy of computer model is
first built to the degree where the observed simulation values matches with
those of the field measurement values. This provides us with a reliable computer
model using which we workout remedial measures.
[attachment=23314]
CONTROL CENTRE OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEMS
Syllabus :
Introduction to SCADA, control centre, digital computer configuration,
automatic generation control, area control error, operation without central
computers, expression for tie-line flow and frequency deviation, parallel
operation of generators, area lumped dynamic model.
General
Electrical Technology was founded on the remarkable discovery by Faraday that a
changing magnetic flux creates an electric field. Out of that discovery, grew the largest
and most complex engineering achievement of man : the electric power system.
Indeed, life without electricity is now unimaginable. Electric power systems form the
basic infrastructure of a country. Even as we read this, electrical energy is being
produced at rates in excess of hundreds of giga-watts (1 GW = 1,000,000,000 W).
Giant rotors spinning at speeds up to 3000 rotations per minute bring us the energy
stored in the potential energy of water, or in fossil fuels. Yet we notice electricity only
when the lights go out!
While the basic features of the electrical power system have remained practically
unchanged in the past century, but there are some significant milestones in the
evolution of electrical power systems.
Topics to be studied
• Introduction to SCADA
• Control Centre
• Digital Computer Configuration
• Automatic Generation Control
• Area Control Error
• Operation Without Central Computers
• Expression for Tie Line Flow
• Parallel Operation of Generators
• Area Lumped Dynamic Model
Introduction
Electrical energy is an essential ingredient for the industrial and all round
development of any country. It is generated centrally in bulk and transmitted
economically over long distances.
Electrical energy is conserved at every step in the process of Generation,
Transmission, Distribution and utilization of electrical energy. The electrical utility
industry is probably the largest and most complex industry in the world and
hence very complex and challenging problems to be handled by power
engineering particularly, in designing future power system to deliver increasing
amounts of electrical energy. This calls for perfect understanding, analysis and
decision making of the system. This power system operation and its control play
a very important task in the world of Electrical Power Engineering.
Power Quality
Power quality is characterized by –
a. Stable AC voltages at near nominal values and at near rated frequency
subject to acceptable minor variations, free from annoying voltage flicker,
voltage sags and frequency fluctuations.
b. Near sinusoidal current and voltage wave forms free from higher order
harmonics
All electrical equipments are rated to operate at near rated voltage
and rated frequency.
Effects of Poor Power Quality
- Maloperation of control devices, relays etc.
- Extra losses in capacitors, transformers and rotating machines
- Fast ageing of equipments
- Loss of production due to service interruptions
- Electro-magnetic interference due to transients
- power fluctuation not tolerated by power electronic parts
Major causes of Poor Power Quality
- Nonlinear Loads
- Adjustable speed drives
- Traction Drives
- Start of large motor loads
- Arc furnaces
- Intermittent load transients
- Lightning
- Switching Operations
- Fault Occurrences
Steps to address Power Quality issues
• Detailed field measurements
• Monitor electrical parameters at various places to assess the operating conditions
in terms of power quality.
• Detailed studies using a computer model. The accuracy of computer model is
first built to the degree where the observed simulation values matches with
those of the field measurement values. This provides us with a reliable computer
model using which we workout remedial measures.