18-06-2012, 03:43 PM
MOBILE COMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION
1. The role of cellular phones has risen with improvement in services, reduction in service costs and the ever increasing services available through cell phones.Mobile Internet access is a global phenomenon with even great implications.Leading phone manufacturers such as Ericsson, Motorola, and Nokia have put a great deal of marketing effort behind the mobile Internet phenomenon, recognizing that adoption is a complex business proposition.
2. The most modern telephone is the cellular telephone, or commonly called a cell phone. A cellular telephone is designed to give the user maximum freedom of movement while using a telephone.The number of mobile communication devices users is growing very fast.
History
1. It was basically started in Germany in 1958.
2. In 1982 the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations founded a working group.
3. 1987 the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications standard was available.
4. 1991 in Switzerland the first devices are presented.
5. In 1995 SMS was available.
1 G
1. 1G cellular systems refer to the early analogue cellular phone technologies.
2. The early 1980â„¢s marked the first use of wireless cellular systems. It was typical for this kind of systems that the systems were quite limited.
3. 1G systems differed from the earlier radio networks in a couple of ways. The first generation (1G) cellular systems had increased capacity and greater mobility support than the early wireless radio networks.
4. The first generation of wireless consisted mostly of voice traffic handled with analog techniques.For example NMT and AMPS cellular technologies belong to this category.
2G
1. Second generation (2G) cellular phone system use digital communication methods.
2. The second generation (2G) wireless systems are characterized by the use of digital radio transmission.
3. Examples of this series of systems include GSM, D-AMPS (TDMA/IS-136) and CDMA IS-95-A.
3G
1. Third generation (3G) systems promise faster communications services, including voice, fax and Internet, anytime and anywhere with seamless global roaming.
2. IMT-2000 global standard for 3G has opened the way to enabling innovative applications and services (e.g. multimedia entertainment, infotainment and location-based services, among others).
3. The first 3G network was devolped in Japan in 2001. 2.5G networks, such as GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) are already available in some parts of Europe.
4G
1. 4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless and is a successor to 3G and 2G standards.
2. The rest of this article associates 4G with International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT Advanced), though 4G is a broader term and could include standards outside IMT-Advanced.
3. A 4G system may upgrade existing communication networks and is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure IP based solution where facilities such as voice, data and streamed multimedia will be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis and at much higher data rates compared to previous generations
CELLULAR NETWORK
1. The idea behind cellular networks is the sub-division of a geographical area covered by a network into a number of smaller areas called cells. The frequencies allocated to one cell can be reused in other cells that are far enough not to disturb.
2. A fixed radio station called as a base station within each cell acts as a transmitter/receiver serving all the mobile stations inside the cell area.A base station controls a group of transmitting/receiving frequencies allocated by the network to that cell.
ANTENNA
1. An antenna is fundamentally a transmission line that transforms information from electrical energy (current and voltage) into electromagnetic energy (RF waves)
2. Antennas are critical links in the wireless signal chain.Right antenna for the application yields a good signal coverage, increased S/N ratio, reduced bit error rate, and lower power consumption all at very low cost.As cellular telephones have evolved over the years, so have their components, particularly the antennas. Cellular phone used to have large external antennas, but nowadays most cellular phones use an internal antenna.
MOBILE APPLICATIONS
1. Secrets of the wireless elite: Mobile applications need scripting too! - Mobile game developer Tom Park believes that scripting for wireless devices is important for proficiency sake. And with the need to scale mobile applications across so many different platforms, proficiency is everything.
CELLULAR PHONE SAFETY
1. Cellular phones are electronic devices that commununicate with the ceullar system base station usign radio communications. This means that they contain both radio receiver and transmitter.
2. The transmitter cause RF field around the cellular phone.
3. . RF fields are non-ionizing radiations (NIR). ). Unlike X-rays and gamma rays, they are much too weak to break the bonds that hold molecules in cells together and, therefore, produce ionization.
4. RF fields may, however, produce different effects on biological systems such as cells, plants, animals, or human beings.
BLUETOOTH
1. Bluetooth is a short-range radio technology that connects portable devices such as cell phones, handheld devices and notebook computers.
2. The technology has a range of up to 10 meters and wirelessly transfers data at rates of up to 720 kilobits per second.
3. The technology was originally developed by Ericsson. Bluetooth is now a global specification for wireless connectivity
GPRS
1. GPRS is an extension of the GSM system, and uses the same channels, the same modulation, and the same network backbone as the existing GSM network.
2. GPRS is a general pocket radio service which is used such as a wireless internet and multimedia service. It is also known as GSM (INTERNET PROTOCOL)Because it will continue users directly to internet service provider.
SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE (SMS)
1. SMS is a bidirectional service for sending short alphanumeric (up to 160 bytes) messages in a store and forward fashion.
2. GSM Short Messages have a maximum length of 160 characters (from the SMS character set), or 140 octets. However, Short Messages can be concatenated to form longer messages.
GSM SYSTEM
1. The GSM system is the most widely used cellular technology in use in the world today. It has been a particularly successful cellular phone technology for a variety of reasons including the ability to roam worldwide with the certainty of being able to be able to operate on GSM networks in exactly the same way.
MULTIMEDIA MESSAGE
1. Multimedia Messaging is just around the corner. Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) is a new prominent wireless standard for multimedia. The idea behind MMS is to enhance SMS type messagging to carry larger messages which can contain more text, images, sound and possibly animation. MMS is expected to become a very popular messaging service in the future in both today's GSM networks and 3G networks in the future.
ADVANTAGES
1. It is the fastest way to communicate all around the world.
2. The cost of messaging and talking to people wirelessly is significantly lower.
3. It helps everyone in there daily life and its becomes a very essential part of our life .
4. Mobile Technology is playing an increasing role in disaster awareness.
5. We can use MMS, GPRS, WAP etc Services.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Mobile phone addiction is a big social problem.
2. Emergence of mobile phones is losing good habits, such as punctuality
3. People use the phone while they are driving, and this can cause problems.
4. Symptoms caused by the radiation of mobile phones are one of the most argued problems.
5. Cyber bullying is also another issue among the disadvantages of mobile phones.
INTRODUCTION
1. The role of cellular phones has risen with improvement in services, reduction in service costs and the ever increasing services available through cell phones.Mobile Internet access is a global phenomenon with even great implications.Leading phone manufacturers such as Ericsson, Motorola, and Nokia have put a great deal of marketing effort behind the mobile Internet phenomenon, recognizing that adoption is a complex business proposition.
2. The most modern telephone is the cellular telephone, or commonly called a cell phone. A cellular telephone is designed to give the user maximum freedom of movement while using a telephone.The number of mobile communication devices users is growing very fast.
History
1. It was basically started in Germany in 1958.
2. In 1982 the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations founded a working group.
3. 1987 the Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications standard was available.
4. 1991 in Switzerland the first devices are presented.
5. In 1995 SMS was available.
1 G
1. 1G cellular systems refer to the early analogue cellular phone technologies.
2. The early 1980â„¢s marked the first use of wireless cellular systems. It was typical for this kind of systems that the systems were quite limited.
3. 1G systems differed from the earlier radio networks in a couple of ways. The first generation (1G) cellular systems had increased capacity and greater mobility support than the early wireless radio networks.
4. The first generation of wireless consisted mostly of voice traffic handled with analog techniques.For example NMT and AMPS cellular technologies belong to this category.
2G
1. Second generation (2G) cellular phone system use digital communication methods.
2. The second generation (2G) wireless systems are characterized by the use of digital radio transmission.
3. Examples of this series of systems include GSM, D-AMPS (TDMA/IS-136) and CDMA IS-95-A.
3G
1. Third generation (3G) systems promise faster communications services, including voice, fax and Internet, anytime and anywhere with seamless global roaming.
2. IMT-2000 global standard for 3G has opened the way to enabling innovative applications and services (e.g. multimedia entertainment, infotainment and location-based services, among others).
3. The first 3G network was devolped in Japan in 2001. 2.5G networks, such as GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) are already available in some parts of Europe.
4G
1. 4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless and is a successor to 3G and 2G standards.
2. The rest of this article associates 4G with International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT Advanced), though 4G is a broader term and could include standards outside IMT-Advanced.
3. A 4G system may upgrade existing communication networks and is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure IP based solution where facilities such as voice, data and streamed multimedia will be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis and at much higher data rates compared to previous generations
CELLULAR NETWORK
1. The idea behind cellular networks is the sub-division of a geographical area covered by a network into a number of smaller areas called cells. The frequencies allocated to one cell can be reused in other cells that are far enough not to disturb.
2. A fixed radio station called as a base station within each cell acts as a transmitter/receiver serving all the mobile stations inside the cell area.A base station controls a group of transmitting/receiving frequencies allocated by the network to that cell.
ANTENNA
1. An antenna is fundamentally a transmission line that transforms information from electrical energy (current and voltage) into electromagnetic energy (RF waves)
2. Antennas are critical links in the wireless signal chain.Right antenna for the application yields a good signal coverage, increased S/N ratio, reduced bit error rate, and lower power consumption all at very low cost.As cellular telephones have evolved over the years, so have their components, particularly the antennas. Cellular phone used to have large external antennas, but nowadays most cellular phones use an internal antenna.
MOBILE APPLICATIONS
1. Secrets of the wireless elite: Mobile applications need scripting too! - Mobile game developer Tom Park believes that scripting for wireless devices is important for proficiency sake. And with the need to scale mobile applications across so many different platforms, proficiency is everything.
CELLULAR PHONE SAFETY
1. Cellular phones are electronic devices that commununicate with the ceullar system base station usign radio communications. This means that they contain both radio receiver and transmitter.
2. The transmitter cause RF field around the cellular phone.
3. . RF fields are non-ionizing radiations (NIR). ). Unlike X-rays and gamma rays, they are much too weak to break the bonds that hold molecules in cells together and, therefore, produce ionization.
4. RF fields may, however, produce different effects on biological systems such as cells, plants, animals, or human beings.
BLUETOOTH
1. Bluetooth is a short-range radio technology that connects portable devices such as cell phones, handheld devices and notebook computers.
2. The technology has a range of up to 10 meters and wirelessly transfers data at rates of up to 720 kilobits per second.
3. The technology was originally developed by Ericsson. Bluetooth is now a global specification for wireless connectivity
GPRS
1. GPRS is an extension of the GSM system, and uses the same channels, the same modulation, and the same network backbone as the existing GSM network.
2. GPRS is a general pocket radio service which is used such as a wireless internet and multimedia service. It is also known as GSM (INTERNET PROTOCOL)Because it will continue users directly to internet service provider.
SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE (SMS)
1. SMS is a bidirectional service for sending short alphanumeric (up to 160 bytes) messages in a store and forward fashion.
2. GSM Short Messages have a maximum length of 160 characters (from the SMS character set), or 140 octets. However, Short Messages can be concatenated to form longer messages.
GSM SYSTEM
1. The GSM system is the most widely used cellular technology in use in the world today. It has been a particularly successful cellular phone technology for a variety of reasons including the ability to roam worldwide with the certainty of being able to be able to operate on GSM networks in exactly the same way.
MULTIMEDIA MESSAGE
1. Multimedia Messaging is just around the corner. Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) is a new prominent wireless standard for multimedia. The idea behind MMS is to enhance SMS type messagging to carry larger messages which can contain more text, images, sound and possibly animation. MMS is expected to become a very popular messaging service in the future in both today's GSM networks and 3G networks in the future.
ADVANTAGES
1. It is the fastest way to communicate all around the world.
2. The cost of messaging and talking to people wirelessly is significantly lower.
3. It helps everyone in there daily life and its becomes a very essential part of our life .
4. Mobile Technology is playing an increasing role in disaster awareness.
5. We can use MMS, GPRS, WAP etc Services.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Mobile phone addiction is a big social problem.
2. Emergence of mobile phones is losing good habits, such as punctuality
3. People use the phone while they are driving, and this can cause problems.
4. Symptoms caused by the radiation of mobile phones are one of the most argued problems.
5. Cyber bullying is also another issue among the disadvantages of mobile phones.