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Contactless Energy Transfer A Better Solution For A Mobile World

Abstract:

Talk to any plant engineer or production system designer and youâ„¢ll find that electrical wiring is the bane of their existence. From installing the wires, to rewiring as production lines need to be changed, to repairing damage caused by careless workers, electrical wires represent an ongoing cost and risk for downtime in manufacturing plants.
Until recently, the miles of electrical wiring that snake around any manufacturing facility, hanging down from ceilings and extending across corridors between equipment, have been viewed as a necessary aspect of industrial automation.
But today industry is moving toward a wireless world. Like consumers with their cell phones, laptops and PDAâ„¢s, industrial companies want wireless technologies that improve versatility, reduce costs and maintain connectivity. One of the latest developments to draw interest among engineering personnel is contactless energy transfer for powering and controlling motors
While wireless communication is now common in factories, wirelessly transferring 16kW of electricity through the air to power equipment is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States.
In a typical automated manufacturing environment, where carts full of parts must be moved between the different stages of a production process, a contactless system transfers electrical energy inductively from an insulated conductor in a fixed installation to one or more mobile loads. Electromagnetic coupling is realized via an air gap, so it is not subject to wear and costly maintenance.
Contactless energy transfer reduces costs in several ways: It eliminates festooning or overhanging utilities. The underground wiring is compact and poses no trip hazards. There is no carriage to run out on the shop floor. There are also no pits to be dug to drop in trailing utilities.
In addition to lower costs, a mobile system using contactless energy transfer provides greater versatility: The contactless system enables more flexible track layout with curves and switches, simple segmentation of tracks, which makes it easy to extend a track or change travel directions, and higher speeds.
Contactless energy transfer is ideal for applications where:
¢ The mobile equipment has to cover long distances
¢ A variable, extendable track layout is required
¢ High speeds have to be achieved
¢ The energy transfer has to be maintenance free
¢ Additional environmental contaminants are not permitted in sensitive areas
¢ The operation takes place in wet and humid areas

Maintenance and ambient conditions are important factors in constructing systems for material handling and transportation applications, such as automotive assembly, storage and retrieval logistics and sorting. Typical applications that could benefit from contactless energy transfer include:
¢ Overhead trolleys
¢ Conveyor trolleys
¢ Guided floor conveyors
¢ Push-skid conveyors
¢ Storage and retrieval units
¢ Pallet transportation systems
¢ Baggage handling
¢ Panel gantries
¢ Elevator equipment
¢ Amusement park rides
¢ Battery charging stations

By replacing a drag-chain system in a conveyor trolley that transports and sorts pallets, for example, contactless energy transfer enables pallets to transverse over longer distances. Complicated holders for drag chains are eliminated, as is downtime for repairing cable breaks and battery charging. Repairs for wear from bending or torsion are also eliminated.
The wear-free power supply in a contactless system has many advantages in designing and maintaining push-skid conveyors used in automotive assembly, for example, or in storage and retrieval units in a high-bay warehouse. Because there is no conductor rail, there is no danger of introducing contaminants from system leakages and no components that are difficult to reach for maintenance. Problems with fitting the platforms into conveyor belts are also eliminated, since thereâ„¢s no need for high mechanical tolerances between the line cable and pick-up.
Perhaps the biggest advantage of a system based on contactless energy transfer is higher system availability because the system is essentially maintenance free. In a manufacturing environment where change is a constant and speed is an imperative, the versatility, flexibility and reliability of contactless energy transfer systems can reduce the wear-and-tear on plant engineers as well as equipment.
About SEW-EURODRIVE
Engineering excellence and customer responsiveness distinguish SEW-EURODRIVE, a leading manufacturer of integrated power transmission and motion control solutions. SEW introduced the worldâ„¢s first gearmotor more than 75 years ago and its systems are known for high performance and rugged reliability in the toughest operating conditions.
SEW-EURODRIVE offers a comprehensive range of electromechanical and electronic drive solutions. The companyâ„¢s modular product designs allow components to be quickly and cost-efficiently assembled in literally millions of different configurations to create a truly customized solution for every customer.
With its global headquarters in Germany and sales of more than 1.5 billion Euros, the privately held company has more than 11,000 employees with a presence in 46 countries worldwide. SEW operates from 12 manufacturing facilities and 63 regional assembly centers located around the world.
U.S. operations include a state-of-the-art manufacturing facility, five regional assembly centers, more than 60 technical sales offices and hundreds of distributors and support specialists. This enables SEW-EURODRIVE to provide local manufacturing, service and support, coast-to-coast and around the world
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[attachment=4410]This article is presented by::
S.SURYA PRAKASH N.ADITYA KUMAR

ABSTRACT

In this paper a new topology for contactless energy transfer is proposed and tested that can transfer energy to a moving actuator using inductive coupling. The proposed topology provides long-stroke contactless energy transfer capability in a plane and a short-stroke movement of a few millimeters perpendicular to the plane. In addition, it is to lerant to small rotations. The experimental setup consists of a platform with one secondary coil, which is attached to a linear actuator and a 3-phase brushless electromotor. Underneath the platform is an array of primary coils that are each connected to a half-bridge square wave power supply. The energy transfer to the electromotor is measured while the platform is moved over the array of primary coils by the linear actuator. The secondary coil moves with a stroke of 18cm at speeds over 1m/s, while up to 33W power is transferred with 90% efficiency.



Presented By :-
Amiya Ranjan

[attachment=13150]
CONTACTLESS ENERGY TRANSFER TO A MOVING ACTUATOR
What is an Actuator ?
An actuator is a mechanical device for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. It is operated by a source of energy, usually in the form of an electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure or pneumatic pressure, and converts that energy into some kind of motion.
Mechanical actuators operate by conversion of rotary motion into linear motion, or vice versa.
Contd….
Actuators can create a linear motion, rotary motion, or oscillatory motion. That is, they can create motion in one direction, in a circular motion, or in opposite directions at regular intervals.
Many actuators have more than one type of power source. Solenoid valves, for example, can be powered by air and electricity.
Types of Actuators
Hydraulic Actuator
Piston Actuator
Brake Actuator
Mechanical Actuator
Cylindrical Actuator
Steady-State Electric Circuit Analysis
The electric circuit of the CET system is shown in this fig, where V1 is the RMS voltage of the power supply, I1 the RMS current supplied by the power supply, I2 the RMS current induced in the secondary circuit.
C1 & C2 are the series resonant capacitor in the circuit.
L1 & L2 are the self inductance of the coil’s
Contd….
Contactless Energy Transfer Topology
The design of the primary and secondary coil is optimized to get a coupling that is as constant as possible for a sufficiently large area. This area should be large enough to allow the secondary coil to move from one primary coil to the next one without a large reduction in coupling. If this can be achieved, the power can be transferred by one primary coil that is closest to the secondary coil.
To ensure a smooth energy transfer to the moving load, the position dependence of the coupling should be minimized, while keeping the coupling high enough to get a high-efficiency energy transfer.
Dimension of Primary & secondary Coil
Primary & Secondary Coil
Secondary Coil Above a Matrix Of Nine Primary coils
The drawing in above fig. shows one secondary coil above nine primary coils. The black square shows the area in which the center of the secondary coil can move while maintaining good coupling with the middle primary coil. The secondary coil is situated in the bottom-left corner of the area of interaction with the middle primary coil.
Coupling Between Primary & secondary Coil
The coupling between the primary coil and the secondary coil within that area is calculated with Maxwell 3D 10 Opti-metrics and measured. The results are shown in Fig. 4, which show that the FEM predictions are very close to the measured values.
Experimental Setup Of Contactless Energy Transfer
The secondary coil is fixed onto a ceramic plate that is bolted to the mover of a linear actuator. Again ceramic material is used for heat conduction and the minimization of eddy current losses. The linear actuator can move the secondary coil over the three primary coils. The position of the secondary coil with respect to the array of primary coils is measured by the encoder of the linear actuator. A picture of the experimental setup is shown in above Fig.
CD Electrical Drive & Rectifier Connected to Secondary Coil
The secondary coil is connected in series with a resonant capacitor. The circuit is then connected to a full-bridge diode rectifier to generate a DC output. The DC output of the rectifier is connected to the load, which is an electromotor of a CD drive running at 12 VDC as shown in above Fig.
All subsystems are connected to a ds1103 dSpace system running the control program at 8 kHz.
Result…
Contd….
Fig. Shows Graphs Of Measured voltage , current & active Primary coil for CD Drive
Description About Graphs
An electromotor of a CD drive that runs on 12 VD is connected to the rectifier. The voltage and current from the DC bus supply as well as the voltage and current to the CD drive are measured and shown in Fig. 10 and 11. The secondary coil is moving over all three primary coils
The frequency of the sinusoidal position reference is 2 Hz, so in one second the secondary coil makes two cycles (one cycle implies moving from primary coil 1 over primary coil 2 to primary coil 3 and back).
Value Of Voltages, Current & Efficiency Of CET to a CD Drive Electro-motor
Conclusion
A new topology for contactless energy transfer (CET) to a Actuator has been proposed, built and tested.
The CET topology allows for a long-stroke movement in a plane and a short-stroke movement of a few millimeters perpendicular to the plane.
In addition, it is tolerant to small rotations. The power electronics consist of a half-bridge square wave power supply for each primary coil and series resonant capacitor and a full-bridge diode rectifier at the load.
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