23-06-2012, 02:37 PM
ANALYZE AND DESIGN A MICROSTRIP RECTANGULAR 2X2PATCH ARRAY ANTENNA AT 4GHz FOR WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION
[attachment=25266]
ABSTRACT
: This paper presents the design simulation of microstrip rectangular patch antennawith center frequency at 4GHz for Wireless communication application. The array of two by two(2 x 2) patch array microstrip rectangular antennas with microstrip inset feed was designed andsimulated using Computer Simulation Tool (CST 2009) Microwave Environment software. Theperformance of the simulated designed antenna was than compared with the single patchrectangle antenna in term of return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), bandwidth,directivity, radiation pattern and gain. The design was focused using substrate type FR-4 withdielectric constant of 4.7, thickness of 1.6mm and tangent loss 0.019 respectively .
INTRODUCTION
Over the last two decades the wireless communication system has experienced asignificant growth from first generation (1G) analog voice signal to forthcoming fourthgeneration (4G) mobile technology. The motto of 4G communication system is to provide Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity) communication network and high quality audio and video services.Today’stechnology requires high data rate and longer range to provide quality services to the users. Forcurrent mobile communication, the diversity scheme has already been implemented to mitigatethe fading effects of multipath scenario [1], [2].
LITERATURE REVIEW
The present research in microstrip antenna technology points to the development of antennas which cater the need of low profile, compact communication gadgets. The antennadesigners around the world are concentrated in the design of compact antennas with efficientradiation characteristics. The following research provides a comprehensive survey about thedevelopments in the state of art printed antenna technology around the world whereby it is morerelated to our research and it been done previously by [11].The research lead to inspire of thisresearch work.Design and Performance of Small Printed Antennas are presented by Waterhouse et al.in [11]. In this paper, electrically small microstrip patches incorporating shorting posts arethoroughly investigated.
Front to back ratio calculation
It is often useful to compare the front-to-back ratio of directional antennas. This is theratio of the maximum directivity of an antenna to its directivity in the opposite direction. Forexample, when the radiation pattern is plotted on a relative dB scale, the front-to-back ratio isthe difference in dB between the level of the maximum radiation in the forward direction andthe level of radiation at 180 degrees.6.2dB - (-11.4 dB) = 17.6dB for single antenna11.5dB - (-23.6dB) = 35.1 dB for array antennaBy referring to the figure 5 and figure 5.2, for the antenna orientation in the design, 90degrees represents the peak forward gain heading and shows a gain of 6.2 dBi for singleantenna and array antenna 11.5 dBi. Directly opposite, at an angle of 270 degrees, and fromfigure 5.1, a gain of -11.4dBi recorded for single antenna and from figure 5.3, -23.6 dB wasrecorded for array antenna.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Figures 6.1 show simulation result of return loss for 2x2 array antenna obtained by usingCST Studio Suite software. According to table 3, the result of the return loss of a single patchdesign has a good result at frequency of 4 GHz which is-19.5dB which could be considered as agood result. Where at the resonant frequency of 4GHz which is the intended design frequencyhas a value of -10dB.But it obtained a better result when that single patch antenna was arrayedand simulated, the result show that at resonant frequency 4GHz the result for S11 parametershow a splendid result better than single patch antenna the reading is about -42.8dB.This showthat the antenna reflection is better when array antenna is performed and showed from the resultthat array antenna better about -23.3dB compared to single patch antenna.The bandwidth obtained from the simulation of this microstrip antenna for single patchantenna is 150 MHz which in percentage value is 3.75%, while the bandwidth is much narrowerfor 2x2 array antenna that is only 130 MHz and the percentage is about 23.25%.
CONCLUSION
A microstrip rectangular patch array antenna that feed by inset feed method has beensimulated and compared with the single rectangle antenna. The performance was measured andit shows that the array antenna outperform the single antenna in terms of directivity, bandwidthand gain. Overall, the performance of the array antenna meets the desired requirement in termsof return loss and VSWR. The simulation return loss is -19.5 dB for single antenna and -42.8dB for array antenna and VSWR is 1.2 for single antenna and 1.01 for array antenna at thecenter frequency of 4GHz. Adding to this, the performance of the microstrip array antennastrongly depends on several factors such as feeding technique, type of substrate, the thicknessand dielectric constant of substrate respectively.
[attachment=25266]
ABSTRACT
: This paper presents the design simulation of microstrip rectangular patch antennawith center frequency at 4GHz for Wireless communication application. The array of two by two(2 x 2) patch array microstrip rectangular antennas with microstrip inset feed was designed andsimulated using Computer Simulation Tool (CST 2009) Microwave Environment software. Theperformance of the simulated designed antenna was than compared with the single patchrectangle antenna in term of return loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), bandwidth,directivity, radiation pattern and gain. The design was focused using substrate type FR-4 withdielectric constant of 4.7, thickness of 1.6mm and tangent loss 0.019 respectively .
INTRODUCTION
Over the last two decades the wireless communication system has experienced asignificant growth from first generation (1G) analog voice signal to forthcoming fourthgeneration (4G) mobile technology. The motto of 4G communication system is to provide Wi-Fi(Wireless Fidelity) communication network and high quality audio and video services.Today’stechnology requires high data rate and longer range to provide quality services to the users. Forcurrent mobile communication, the diversity scheme has already been implemented to mitigatethe fading effects of multipath scenario [1], [2].
LITERATURE REVIEW
The present research in microstrip antenna technology points to the development of antennas which cater the need of low profile, compact communication gadgets. The antennadesigners around the world are concentrated in the design of compact antennas with efficientradiation characteristics. The following research provides a comprehensive survey about thedevelopments in the state of art printed antenna technology around the world whereby it is morerelated to our research and it been done previously by [11].The research lead to inspire of thisresearch work.Design and Performance of Small Printed Antennas are presented by Waterhouse et al.in [11]. In this paper, electrically small microstrip patches incorporating shorting posts arethoroughly investigated.
Front to back ratio calculation
It is often useful to compare the front-to-back ratio of directional antennas. This is theratio of the maximum directivity of an antenna to its directivity in the opposite direction. Forexample, when the radiation pattern is plotted on a relative dB scale, the front-to-back ratio isthe difference in dB between the level of the maximum radiation in the forward direction andthe level of radiation at 180 degrees.6.2dB - (-11.4 dB) = 17.6dB for single antenna11.5dB - (-23.6dB) = 35.1 dB for array antennaBy referring to the figure 5 and figure 5.2, for the antenna orientation in the design, 90degrees represents the peak forward gain heading and shows a gain of 6.2 dBi for singleantenna and array antenna 11.5 dBi. Directly opposite, at an angle of 270 degrees, and fromfigure 5.1, a gain of -11.4dBi recorded for single antenna and from figure 5.3, -23.6 dB wasrecorded for array antenna.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Figures 6.1 show simulation result of return loss for 2x2 array antenna obtained by usingCST Studio Suite software. According to table 3, the result of the return loss of a single patchdesign has a good result at frequency of 4 GHz which is-19.5dB which could be considered as agood result. Where at the resonant frequency of 4GHz which is the intended design frequencyhas a value of -10dB.But it obtained a better result when that single patch antenna was arrayedand simulated, the result show that at resonant frequency 4GHz the result for S11 parametershow a splendid result better than single patch antenna the reading is about -42.8dB.This showthat the antenna reflection is better when array antenna is performed and showed from the resultthat array antenna better about -23.3dB compared to single patch antenna.The bandwidth obtained from the simulation of this microstrip antenna for single patchantenna is 150 MHz which in percentage value is 3.75%, while the bandwidth is much narrowerfor 2x2 array antenna that is only 130 MHz and the percentage is about 23.25%.
CONCLUSION
A microstrip rectangular patch array antenna that feed by inset feed method has beensimulated and compared with the single rectangle antenna. The performance was measured andit shows that the array antenna outperform the single antenna in terms of directivity, bandwidthand gain. Overall, the performance of the array antenna meets the desired requirement in termsof return loss and VSWR. The simulation return loss is -19.5 dB for single antenna and -42.8dB for array antenna and VSWR is 1.2 for single antenna and 1.01 for array antenna at thecenter frequency of 4GHz. Adding to this, the performance of the microstrip array antennastrongly depends on several factors such as feeding technique, type of substrate, the thicknessand dielectric constant of substrate respectively.