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COMPUTER HARDWARE

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER


DEFINATION

TYPES OF COMPUTER
ANALOG COMPUTER
DIGITAL COMPUTER

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
MICRO COMPUTER
MINI COMPUTER
MAINFRAME COMPUTER
SUPER COMPUTER


WINDOWS INSTALLATION


STEPS FOR WINDOWS INSTALLATION
FIRST INSERT THE BOOTABLE CD OF XP.
RESTART YOUR COMPUTER OR LAPTOP.
IT WILL ASK TO “PRESS ANY KEY TO BOOT FROM CD”
COMPUTER ITSELF WILL FIND & COPY THE HARDWARE & FILES DURING THIS PROCESS.
SELECT DRIVE TO INSTALL XP
THEN WINDOWS WILL START COPYING FILE THAT IS NECESSARY FOR XP.
FINALLY IT WILL RESTART PC OR LAPTOP & START ANOTHER PROCESS OF INSTALLATION. IN THIS IT APPEARS FOLLOWING.
Collect information
Dynamic update
Preparing installation
Installing windows
Finalizing initialization

DURING THIS SETUP, IT WILL ASK SOME INFORMATION LIKE
Regional language (eng united states)
Product key (25 letter)
Computer name & administration password.
Date & time, Time zone (gmt+05:30 Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai

Computer Hardware

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Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer, i.e., the tangible components of a computer e.g. mouse, monitor, keyboard, etc.
As in Fig 1.1, computer hardware is normally grouped according to the basic operations the computer performs; hence there are: -
o Input Devices
o Processing devices
o Output devices
o Storage devices
o Communication devices



Input Device: From Person to computer

Information processing is usually hidden from the user. He / she is able to see the input / output. Input devices include the following: -
Keyboard
This is used to type letters, numbers, and special characters. The computer responds to the input from the keyboard by displaying the typed characters on the screen at the position of the line (in some cases a rectangle) called a cursor. It looks almost the same as a typewriter.

Some keys – cursor (arrow) keys, the Delete key, the Enter key function keys (f-keys) and others, send special commands to the computer, and these may have different names or meanings on different computer systems.

Pointing Devices
Mouse

Many computer users today use their keyboard mostly for entering text and numeric data. For traditional keyboard functions such as sending commands and positioning the cursor, they use a mouse.

The mouse is designed to move the pointer around the screen and point to specific characters or objects. As the mouse moves, the pointer on the screen mimics the mouse motion. The mouse has more than one buttons that can be used to send signals to the computer, conveying the messages such as;
o “Activate the selected tool”
o “Select all the text between these two points”

What you can do with the mouse

o Slide across your desktop – a pointer echoes the movement of the mouse
o Click – press the left mouse button while the mouse is stationary
o Double click – press the left mouse button twice within a second.
o Right click – press right mouse button while the mouse is stationary.
o Drag – move the mouse while holding the button down



Wand Readers and Optic character recognition (OCR)
When wand readers use light to read alphabetic and numeric characters written in a specially designed typeface found in many sales tags and credit cards slips. When these wand readers are used to recognize words and numbers, the computer is performing optical character recognition.

Scanners
A scanner is a device that can make a digital representation of any printed image. Scanners convert photographs, drawings, charts, and other printed information into a form that can be stored and manipulated in a computer.

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Computer hardware is the collection of physical components that make up a computer system. Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer, such as monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, hard disk drive (HDD), graphics card, sound card, memory (RAM), motherboard , etc. Tangible physical objects. On the contrary, the software is instructions that can be stored and executed by hardware. The hardware is driven by the software to execute any command or instruction. A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system.

The template for all modern computers is the architecture of Von Neumann, detailed in a paper from 1945 by the Hungarian mathematician John von Neumann. This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers, a control unit containing an instruction register and a program counter, a storage memory Data and instructions, and the input and output mechanisms. The meaning of the term has evolved to mean a stored program computer in which an instruction capture and a data operation can not occur at the same time because they share a common bus. This is known as Von Neumann's bottleneck and often limits system performance.