26-06-2012, 02:10 PM
Smart Transmission Grid: Vision and Framework
[attachment=25590]
INTRODUCTION
THE ELECTRIC power transmission grid has been progressively
developed for over a century [1], from the initial
design of local dc networks in low-voltage levels to threephase
high voltage ac networks, and finally to modern bulk interconnected
networks with various voltage levels and multiple
complex electrical components. The development of human society
and economic needs was the catalyst that drove the revolution
of transmission grids stage-by-stage with the aid of innovative
technologies.
Digitalization
The smart transmission grid will employ a unique, digital
platform for fast and reliable sensing, measurement, communication,
computation, control, protection, visualization, and
maintenance of the entire transmission system. This is the fundamental
feature that will facilitate the realization of the other
smart features. This platform is featured with user-friendly
visualization for sensitive situation awareness and a high tolerance
for man-made errors.
Flexibility
The flexibility for the future smart transmission grid is featured
in four aspects: 1) expandability for future development
with the penetration of innovative and diverse generation technologies;
2) adaptability to various geographical locations and
climates; 3) multiple control strategies for the coordination of
decentralized control schemes among substations and control
centers; and 4) seamless compatibility with various market
operation styles and plug-and-play capability to accommodate
progressive technology upgrades with hardware and software
components.
SMART CONTROL CENTERS
The vision of the future smart control centers is built on the
existing control centers, originally developed approximately a
half-century ago. The expected new functions, such as monitoring/
visualization, analytical capability, and controllability of
the future control centers, are discussed in this section. Also discussed
is the interaction with electricity market, although this
work excludes the market operation from the control centers’
functions.
SMART TRANSMISSION NETWORKS
This vision of the smart transmission networks is built on
the existing electric transmission infrastructure. However, the
emergence of new technologies, including advanced materials,
power electronics, sensing, communication, signal processing,
and computing will increase the utilization, efficiency, quality,
and security of existing systems and enable the development of
a new architecture for transmission networks.
SMART SUBSTATIONS
The smart substation concept is built on the existing comprehensive
automation technologies of substations. It should enable
more reliable and efficient monitoring, operation, control,
protection, and maintenance of the equipment and apparatus installed
in the substations. From the operation viewpoint, a smart
substation must rapidly respond and provide increased operator
safety. To achieve these goals, the major characteristics of a
smart substation shall include the following.
1) Digitalization: The smart substation provides a unique and
compatible platform for fast and reliable sensing, measurement,
communication, control, protection, and maintenance
of all the equipment and apparatus installed in a
variety of substations. All of these tasks can be done in the
digital form, which allows for easy connection with control
centers and business units.
[attachment=25590]
INTRODUCTION
THE ELECTRIC power transmission grid has been progressively
developed for over a century [1], from the initial
design of local dc networks in low-voltage levels to threephase
high voltage ac networks, and finally to modern bulk interconnected
networks with various voltage levels and multiple
complex electrical components. The development of human society
and economic needs was the catalyst that drove the revolution
of transmission grids stage-by-stage with the aid of innovative
technologies.
Digitalization
The smart transmission grid will employ a unique, digital
platform for fast and reliable sensing, measurement, communication,
computation, control, protection, visualization, and
maintenance of the entire transmission system. This is the fundamental
feature that will facilitate the realization of the other
smart features. This platform is featured with user-friendly
visualization for sensitive situation awareness and a high tolerance
for man-made errors.
Flexibility
The flexibility for the future smart transmission grid is featured
in four aspects: 1) expandability for future development
with the penetration of innovative and diverse generation technologies;
2) adaptability to various geographical locations and
climates; 3) multiple control strategies for the coordination of
decentralized control schemes among substations and control
centers; and 4) seamless compatibility with various market
operation styles and plug-and-play capability to accommodate
progressive technology upgrades with hardware and software
components.
SMART CONTROL CENTERS
The vision of the future smart control centers is built on the
existing control centers, originally developed approximately a
half-century ago. The expected new functions, such as monitoring/
visualization, analytical capability, and controllability of
the future control centers, are discussed in this section. Also discussed
is the interaction with electricity market, although this
work excludes the market operation from the control centers’
functions.
SMART TRANSMISSION NETWORKS
This vision of the smart transmission networks is built on
the existing electric transmission infrastructure. However, the
emergence of new technologies, including advanced materials,
power electronics, sensing, communication, signal processing,
and computing will increase the utilization, efficiency, quality,
and security of existing systems and enable the development of
a new architecture for transmission networks.
SMART SUBSTATIONS
The smart substation concept is built on the existing comprehensive
automation technologies of substations. It should enable
more reliable and efficient monitoring, operation, control,
protection, and maintenance of the equipment and apparatus installed
in the substations. From the operation viewpoint, a smart
substation must rapidly respond and provide increased operator
safety. To achieve these goals, the major characteristics of a
smart substation shall include the following.
1) Digitalization: The smart substation provides a unique and
compatible platform for fast and reliable sensing, measurement,
communication, control, protection, and maintenance
of all the equipment and apparatus installed in a
variety of substations. All of these tasks can be done in the
digital form, which allows for easy connection with control
centers and business units.