27-06-2012, 03:29 PM
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND VLSI
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ABSTRACT:
“Any sufficient advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic,” wrote Arthur C. Clarke. Thousands of people have embedded processors beneath their skin, as pacemakers or hearing aids. It is the embedded technology, that makes all this possible. And the day is not far off when you’ll have a car similar to what James Bond drives. An embedded systems thus simply refers to a system that is controlled by a computer that resides within the system.
FLYING ROBOTS
Introduction :
The flying robot we develop here is a hovering robot that possesses the capability to remain directly over an area of interest until a designated mission is complete. The goal of this project was to design and build an autonomous hovering robot system based on the 68HC8S12 microcontroller. The most challenging aspect of the system is the inherent stability problem of the aircraft that must constantly be maintained by the controller. Fig. Shows a photo of the hovering robot frame. To meet the project objectives, we must first identify all system requirements. There are a number of challenging problems that must be solved.:
Background Theory:
For the hardware frame, a single air frame was designed, similar to a pre-existing, commercially available, radio-controlled product. It is made of four rods that span out from the center of the frame and form an X-Shaped air frame. Attached to each rod is a DC motor and gear assembly for a propeller. The pitch of adjacent propellers is reversed to compensate for counter rotation, making two propellers rotate clockwise and the other two rotate counter clock wise. The counter rotation is controlled by a tail rotor in conventional helicopters.
Securing Against Software Attacks:
Compared to other attacks, software attacks typically require infrastructure that is substantially cheaper and easily available to most hackers, making them a serious challenge to secure embedded system design. Vulnerability allows the attacker to gain direct access to the end system, while an exposure is an entry point that an attacker may indirectly exploit to gain access. Debugging is especially difficult in the embedded world. In the best of cases, there’s little visibility into the working of the code.
CONCLUSIONS:
In order to secure Embedded Systems the following design guidelines have to be followed.
1. For a device storing sensitive or private data, the design must provide protection during normal operation, during attack through a network connection or during electronic probing in the attacker’s laboratory.
2. Embedded device security threats force designers to include physical packaging protection in addition to traditional software safeguards.
3. Debugging is especially difficult in the embedded world. One needs to understand in circuit emulators, background debuggers, scopes and logic analysers.
4. Security testing must encompass testing of the security functionally with standard functional testing techniques, and risk based security testing based on the attack patterns and threat modes.
[attachment=25779]
ABSTRACT:
“Any sufficient advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic,” wrote Arthur C. Clarke. Thousands of people have embedded processors beneath their skin, as pacemakers or hearing aids. It is the embedded technology, that makes all this possible. And the day is not far off when you’ll have a car similar to what James Bond drives. An embedded systems thus simply refers to a system that is controlled by a computer that resides within the system.
FLYING ROBOTS
Introduction :
The flying robot we develop here is a hovering robot that possesses the capability to remain directly over an area of interest until a designated mission is complete. The goal of this project was to design and build an autonomous hovering robot system based on the 68HC8S12 microcontroller. The most challenging aspect of the system is the inherent stability problem of the aircraft that must constantly be maintained by the controller. Fig. Shows a photo of the hovering robot frame. To meet the project objectives, we must first identify all system requirements. There are a number of challenging problems that must be solved.:
Background Theory:
For the hardware frame, a single air frame was designed, similar to a pre-existing, commercially available, radio-controlled product. It is made of four rods that span out from the center of the frame and form an X-Shaped air frame. Attached to each rod is a DC motor and gear assembly for a propeller. The pitch of adjacent propellers is reversed to compensate for counter rotation, making two propellers rotate clockwise and the other two rotate counter clock wise. The counter rotation is controlled by a tail rotor in conventional helicopters.
Securing Against Software Attacks:
Compared to other attacks, software attacks typically require infrastructure that is substantially cheaper and easily available to most hackers, making them a serious challenge to secure embedded system design. Vulnerability allows the attacker to gain direct access to the end system, while an exposure is an entry point that an attacker may indirectly exploit to gain access. Debugging is especially difficult in the embedded world. In the best of cases, there’s little visibility into the working of the code.
CONCLUSIONS:
In order to secure Embedded Systems the following design guidelines have to be followed.
1. For a device storing sensitive or private data, the design must provide protection during normal operation, during attack through a network connection or during electronic probing in the attacker’s laboratory.
2. Embedded device security threats force designers to include physical packaging protection in addition to traditional software safeguards.
3. Debugging is especially difficult in the embedded world. One needs to understand in circuit emulators, background debuggers, scopes and logic analysers.
4. Security testing must encompass testing of the security functionally with standard functional testing techniques, and risk based security testing based on the attack patterns and threat modes.