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Automatic detection of human and Energy saving based on Zigbee Communication


ABSTRACT

This paper proposes automatic detection of human and Energy saving room architecture to reduce standby power consumption and to make the room easily controllable with an IR remote control of a home appliance. To realize the proposed room architecture, we proposed and designed the Zigbee communication. Zigbee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh networking. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications, the low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries, and the mesh networking provides high reliability and larger range. The proposed auto detection of human done using the IR sensor to indicate the entering or exit of the persons. Microcontroller continuously monitors the infrared receiver. When any object pass through the IR receiver then the IR rays falling on the receiver are obstructed, this obstruction is sensed by the microcontroller (LPC2148-ARM7) also PIR sensor will check the presence of human beings with the help of radiations emitted by human beings. Then microcontroller will check the input coming from these two sensors and simultaneously if somebody is present then automatically checks for the light intensity and the temperature. And then if the room is found dark it switches ON the lights and if the temperature is more it switches ON the fans. And if nobody is present then all the lights will be switched off automatically.
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AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF HUMAN AND ENERGY SSAVING BASED ON ZIGBEE COMMUNICATION

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ABSTARCT

The basic idea behind the project is to save electricity by switching off the electrical appliances such as lights, fans and AC’s when no one is present in the room.
In colleges and companies and in most of the public places no one cares about the switching off the lights when they are coming out of the room, since they are not going to bear the cost. So in such places we need some automatic systems which can detect the presence of human inside the room and automatically switch on the appliances required like fans and lights, And simultaneously off them when no one is present in the room.

P89V51RD2:

The P89V51RD2 is 80C51 microcontrollers with 64kB Flash and 1024 bytes of data RAM.
A key feature of the P89V51RD2 is its X2 mode option. The design engineer can choose to run the application with the conventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks per machine cycle) or select the X2 mode (6 clocks per machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the same clock frequency. Another way to benefit from this feature is to keep the same performance by reducing the clock frequency by half, thus dramatically reducing the EMI.
The Flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in serial In-System Programming (ISP). Parallel programming mode offers gang-programming at high speed, reducing programming costs and time to market. ISP allows a device to be reprogrammed in the end product under software control. The capability to field/update the application firmware makes a wide range of applications possible.
The P89V51RD2 is also In-Application Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash program memory to be reconfigured even while the application is running.

Functional Description:

Power-On reset code execution

Following reset, the P89V51RD2 will either enter the Soft ICE mode (if previously enabled via ISP command) or attempt to auto baud to the ISP boot loader. If this auto baud is not successful within about 400 ms, the device will begin execution of the user code.

In-System Programming (ISP)

In-System Programming is performed without removing the microcontroller from the system. The In-System Programming facility consists of a series of internal hardware resources coupled with internal firmware to facilitate remote programming of the P89V51RD2 through the serial port. This firmware is provided by Philips and embedded within each P89V51RD2 device. The Philips In-System Programming facility has made in-circuit programming in an embedded application possible with a minimum of additional expense in components and circuit board area. The ISP function uses five pins (VDD, VSS, TxD, RxD, and RST). Only a small connector needs to be available to interface your application to an external circuit in order to use this feature.

Input/output (I/O) ports

32 of the pins are arranged as four 8-bit I/O ports P0–P3. Twenty-four of these pins are dual purpose with each capable of operating as a control line or part of the data/address bus in addition to the I/O functions. Details are as follows:
Port 0 This is a dual-purpose port occupying pins 32 to 39 of the device. The port is an open-drain bidirectional I/O port with Schmitt trigger inputs. Pins that have 1s written to them float and can be used as high-impedance inputs. The port may be used with external memory to provide a multiplexed address and data bus. In this application internal pull-ups are used when emitting 1s. The port also outputs the code bytes during EPROM programming. External pull-ups are necessary during program verification.
Port 1 This is a dedicated I/O port occupying pins 1 to 8 of the device. The pins are connected via internal pull-ups and Schmitt trigger input. Pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs; as inputs, pins that are externally pulled low will source current via the internal pull-ups. The port also receives

Power-on Reset

At initial power up, the port pins will be in a random state until the oscillator has
started and the internal reset algorithm has weakly pulled all pins HIGH. Powering up
the device without a valid reset could cause the MCU to start executing instructions
from an indeterminate location. Such undefined states may inadvertently corrupt the
code in the flash.
When power is applied to the device, the RST pin must be held HIGH long enough for
the oscillator to start up (usually several milliseconds for a low frequency crystal), in
addition to two machine cycles for a valid power-on reset. An example of a method to
extend the RST signal is to implement a RC circuit by connecting the RST pin to VDD
through a 10 mF capacitor and to VSS through an 8.2 kW resistor as shown in
Figure 26. Note that if an RC circuit is being used, provisions should be made to
ensure the VDD rise time does not exceed 1 millisecond and the oscillator start-up
time does not exceed 10 milliseconds.

Automatic detection of human and Energy saving based on Zigbee Communication

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Abstract

This paper proposes automatic detection of human and Energy saving room architecture to
reduce standby power consumption and to make the room easily controllable with an IR remote control
of a home appliance. To realize the proposed room architecture, we proposed and designed the Zigbee
communication. Zigbee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh networking. The low cost allows the
technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications, the low power-usage
allows longer life with smaller batteries, and the mesh networking provides high reliability and larger
range. The proposed auto detection of human done using the IR sensor to indicate the entering or exit of
the persons. Microcontroller continuously monitors the infrared receiver. When any object pass through
the IR receiver then the IR rays falling on the receiver are obstructed, this obstruction is sensed by the
microcontroller (LPC2148-ARM7) also PIR sensor will check the presence of human beings with the help
of radiations emitted by human beings. Then microcontroller will check the input coming from these two
sensors and simultaneously if somebody is present then automatically checks for the light intensity and
the temperature. And then if the room is found dark it switches ON the lights and if the temperature is
more it switches ON the fans. And if nobody is present then all the lights will be switched off
automatically.

INTRODUCTION

Generally in public and private sector companies, offices most of the people are not interested to switch
OFF the consumer electronic appliances like fan, light etc, if they are not present. As more and more consumer
electronic and home appliances are deployed and the size of them is becoming large, power consumption in
home area tends to grow. Moreover, useless power consumption occurs when they do not perform the primary
function.
Although much effort is made to reduce the standby power of consumer devices themselves, efficient power
management schemes over a room or home region are greatly required to reduce the total power consumption in
home. The controlling and power monitoring capability is indispensable to home power management. The
network capability is also required to communicate one another. In this paper, we propose a remote-controllable
Automatic detection of human and Energy saving room architecture. To realize our proposed room architecture,
ZigBee as wireless network is used to transfer the control information

CONCLUSION

We proposed Automatic detection of human and Energy saving room architecture based on Zigbee
Communication. With the help of this architecture, we can control the power when a person enters in the room
and exit the room automatically along with we considered additional requirements also. This can be extended to
more number of consumer electronic and home appliances also.