30-06-2012, 11:26 AM
Electric Power Distribution Systems Operations
[attachment=26225]
ABSTRACT
Application principles and procedures for the operation of electric power distribution systems
and associated major apparatus are presented. The contents include principles of power systems,
cabling systems, electrical equipment, power system protection and coordination, instruments
and meters, operational procedures, and electrical utilization systems.
PRINCIPLES OF POWER SYSTEMS.
TYPICAL POWER NETWORK.
An understanding of basic design principles is essential in
the operation of electric power systems. This chapter briefly describes and defines electric power
generation, transmission, and distribution systems (primary and secondary). A discussion of
emergency and standby power systems is also presented. Figure 1-1 shows a one-line diagram
of a typical electrical power generation, transmission, and distribution system.
ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION.
A generator is a machine that transforms mechanical
energy into electric power. Prime movers such as engines and turbines convert thermal or
hydraulic energy into mechanical power. Thermal energy is derived from the fission of nuclear
fuel or the burning of common fuels such as oil, gas, or coal. The alternating current generating
units of electric power utilities generally consist of steam turbine generators, gas combustion
turbine generators, hydro (water) generators, and internal-combustion engine generators.
ALTERNATING CURRENT POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
The transmission
system is the bulk power transfer system between the power generation station and the
distribution center from which power is carried to customer delivery points. The transmission
system includes step-up and step-down transformers at the generating and distribution stations,
respectively. The transmission system is usually part of the electric utility's network. Power
transmission systems may include subtransmission stages to supply intermediate voltage
levels. Subtransmission stages are used to enable a more practical or economical transition
between transmission and distribution systems.
[attachment=26225]
ABSTRACT
Application principles and procedures for the operation of electric power distribution systems
and associated major apparatus are presented. The contents include principles of power systems,
cabling systems, electrical equipment, power system protection and coordination, instruments
and meters, operational procedures, and electrical utilization systems.
PRINCIPLES OF POWER SYSTEMS.
TYPICAL POWER NETWORK.
An understanding of basic design principles is essential in
the operation of electric power systems. This chapter briefly describes and defines electric power
generation, transmission, and distribution systems (primary and secondary). A discussion of
emergency and standby power systems is also presented. Figure 1-1 shows a one-line diagram
of a typical electrical power generation, transmission, and distribution system.
ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION.
A generator is a machine that transforms mechanical
energy into electric power. Prime movers such as engines and turbines convert thermal or
hydraulic energy into mechanical power. Thermal energy is derived from the fission of nuclear
fuel or the burning of common fuels such as oil, gas, or coal. The alternating current generating
units of electric power utilities generally consist of steam turbine generators, gas combustion
turbine generators, hydro (water) generators, and internal-combustion engine generators.
ALTERNATING CURRENT POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.
The transmission
system is the bulk power transfer system between the power generation station and the
distribution center from which power is carried to customer delivery points. The transmission
system includes step-up and step-down transformers at the generating and distribution stations,
respectively. The transmission system is usually part of the electric utility's network. Power
transmission systems may include subtransmission stages to supply intermediate voltage
levels. Subtransmission stages are used to enable a more practical or economical transition
between transmission and distribution systems.