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Adaptive Quality of Service for Wireless Ad hoc Networks

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represent autonomous distributed systems that are
infrastructureless, fully distributed, and multi-hop in nature. Over the last several
years, wireless ad hoc networks have attracted considerable research attention in the
general networking and performance community. This has been fueled by recent
technological advances in the development of multifunctional and low-cost wireless
communication devices. Wireless ad hoc networks have diverse applications
spanning several domains, including military, commercial, medical, and home
networks. The results of all this research activity the wireless ad hoc networks are
starting to move from the research domain into the real world and are being gradually
integrated into our daily lives. Projections indicate that this will accelerate later in the
decade, to the point where some analysts predict that these types of self-organizing
wireless devices will eventually become the dominant form of communications
infrastructure.
To cope with the unpredictable nature of this highly dynamic environment,
wireless ad hoc networks need to be able to adapt to changes in resource availability
(i.e., energy, bandwidth, processing power, network density, and topology changes)
and overcome any unanticipated networking problems while satisfying a wide range
of application requirements. Meeting these requirements in such an environment is
very challenging because the performance observed by users, devices, and routing
paths selected through the network will continuously change in response to the timevarying
network dynamics.


Introduction
Overview


The innovation in mobile computing technology and the proliferation of
communication devices (e.g., cell phones, laptops, personal digital assistants, or
wearable computers) are revolutionizing our way of sharing information. We are at the
verge of entering the ubiquitous communication era in which a user utilizes numerous
devices through which he can access all the required information whenever and
wherever needed. The nature of ubiquitous communication advocates wireless
networks as the most appropriate solution and as a consequence, the wireless
networking realm has undergone exponential growth in the past decade.


Quality of Service in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

A mobile ad hoc network can be seen as an autonomous system or a multi-hop wireless
extension to the Internet. As an autonomous system, MANET should provide its own
routing protocols and network management mechanisms. As a multi-hop wireless
extension, it should provide a flexible and seamless communication among the users or
access to the Internet. Recently, due to increasing popularity of multimedia
applications and pending commercial deployment of MANETs, the quality of service
(QOS) support in MANETs has become an important requirement.


Congestion in Mobile Ad hoc Networks
Traditionally, congestion occurs when the total volume of traffic offered to the network
or part of the network exceeds the resource availability. Congestion typically manifests
itself in excessive end-to-end delay and packet drops due to buffer overflow.