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SPECTRUM ANALYZER

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Introduction


Signal Analysis
Instruments used for signal analysis
Spectrum analyzer:
A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals.


Time and frequency domain analysis


The display of a spectrum analyzer has frequency on the horizontal axis and the amplitude displayed on the vertical axis. To the casual observer, a spectrum analyzer looks like an oscilloscope and, in fact, some lab instruments can function either as an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer.


Spectrum Analyzer Types

Swept or Super-heterodyne spectrum analyzers:

Fast Fourier Transform, FFT analyzers:

Audio spectrum analyzer:

SPECTRUM ANALYZER


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INTRIDUCTION

A spectrum analyzer is a device for measuring the
magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within
the full frequency range of the instrument.
The primary use to measure the power of the
spectrum of known and unknown signals.
The input signal a spectrum analyzer measures is
electrical ,however,spectral compositions of other
signals,such as acoustic pressure waves and optical
light waves, can be considered through the use of an
approprite transducer.

ANALOG SPECTRUM ANALYZER

There is only one type of analog spectrum analyzer
available for use in the laboratories. It is the HP 3580A
Spectrum Analyzer.
This spectrum analyzer is limited in its maximum
frequency—only 50 kHz. However, it has some nice
features and is an excellent teaching aid in that once.

DIGITAL SPECTRUM ANALYZER

A digital spectrum analyzer works by computing
the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The DFT is
a mathematical formula which transforms a
waveform into the components of its frequency
spectrum.
Some spectrum analyzers use a method of
measurement which combines both the analog and
digital methods. In this type of analyzer the
incoming signal is down-converted to a lower
frequency using super heterodyne techniques and
then analyzed using fast fourier transformation
(FFT) techniques.