05-07-2012, 12:12 PM
Global Wireless E-Voting
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Purpose of the Seminar
This Seminar has been developed in an attempt to provide an objective introduction to the issues of E-Voting surrounding the introduction of information technologies into the voting process. Voters’ trust in elections comes from a combination of the Mechanisms and procedures we use to record and tally votes. In this seminar I am going to present the various Electronic voting Method like voting by kiosk, Internet, telephone, punch card, and optical scan ballot, Proms and Cons of all voting types. I have also described how the evolution of various voting machines has been carried out in last 100 eras. There is a discussion on some of the problem found in e-voting machine like Florida’s butterfly ballots design problem. As the new problem known to the people, what is a reaction of the people toward this voting process? Like I have discussed some the well-known issues like Voter Verifiable result, Mercuri Method, Ballot Design Issues and etc..
Introduction
This section is mainly concern of the discussion of the definition of the Voting, Structure of Vote, and Importance of the Voting. The Subsequent Section discuss procedure for E-Voting with the specific need of the Voting Machine. Voting This is what the public does to choose the politician they want to run their area or country. Only those over 18 can vote at present Structure of Votes The structure of votes depends on the type of Elections. More precisely, It depends on the question that is put forward to voters in the election and Possible answers.
Type of Election We will distinguish between the following types of election. yes/no voting Voter’s answer is yes or no. Vote is a one bit: 1 for yes and 0 for no 1-out-of-L voting Voter has L possibilities and he chooses one of them. Vote is a number in the range 1 . . .L K-out-of-L voting Voter selects K different elements from the set of L possibilities. The order of the selected elements is not important. Vote is a K-tuple (v1 • • • vK) K-out-of-L ordered voting Voter puts into order K different elements from the set of L possibilities. Vote is an ordered K-tuple (v1 • • • vK). 1-L-K voting Voter picks out one of the L sets of possibilities, and from the selected set he chooses K elements. Vote is a K+1-tuple (i, a1 • • • aK); a1 • • • aK are elements of the ith set. Structured voting There are n levels of possibilities. Voter moves from the first level to the last one. At the ith level he can select at most ki possibilities from the subset Si of all possibilities in the ith level. Si, ki depend on his choices in the previous levels. Vote is a tuple (v11, • • • , v1k1 , • • • , vi1, • • • , viki , • • • , vnkn), where {vi1, • • • , viki} _ Si. Write-in voting Voter formulates his own answer and writes it down. Vote is a string with specified maximum length.
Voting importance
Voting is one of the most critical features in our democratic process. By casting a vote we hold previous politicians to account and express our hopes for the future. Of course democracy is more than votes - it's debate, letter writing, campaigning, consultation - but the vote is how every single citizen can wield real and immediate power. In addition to providing for the orderly transfer of power, it also cements the citizen’s trust and confidence in an organization or government when it operates efficiently. It's incredibly important that everyone can vote without interference, safe in the knowledge that it will be counted. Through the long history of democracy we have learnt that in the pursuit of power some groups are willing to threaten voters to make sure they vote 'the right way'. But if the vote is secret then there is no way for intimidators to know whether someone has voted for them or not - threats become useless. So votes are a vital expression of the people's power, which need to be secret and restricted to only one per citizen.
E-Voting Electronic voting is a term used to describe any of several means of determining people's collective intent electronically. Electronic voting includes voting by kiosk, Internet, telephone, punch card, and optical scan ballot (a.k.a. mark-sense). Voting is done for many reasons and in many situations, ranging from determining the next garden club officers to determining the next leader of a country. Depending on the situation, a voting scheme will be required to meet differing needs depending on the circumstances. One hopes that in this way the voting process becomes faster, cheaper, more convenient, and also more secure.
Requirements in E-Voting
A voting system should satisfy these requirements:
• Eligibility and authentication – only registered voters must be admitted.
• Uniqueness – no voter may cast his vote more than once.
• Accuracy – voting systems should record the votes correctly.
• Verifiability and audit ability – it should be possible to verify that all votes have been
correctly accounted for in the final tally, and there should be reliable and verifiably authentic election records.
• Secrecy – no one should be able to determine how any individual voted.
• Non-coerciability – voters should not be able to prove to others how they voted; otherwise vote selling and coercion would be facilitated.
• Minimum skill requirement for voter
• Minimal requirement of equipment
• Minimum Time required for vote
Voting Technique
The traditional way of voting has been to mark a token (shell, card or piece of paper) in private and then put it into a box or pot. The key points were to make sure that:
• Each voter could only have one token to vote with.
• The token could be marked in private.
• The box could only be accessible to voters.
• At the end of the election the box would be opened in the presence of observers of all the parties standing for election.
• If results were in doubt different people could count the tokens again. How Much information to be collected during the voting? If only the Name of the candidate then it is very easy to count. Consider a case like in USA, large number of issues Americans are asked to vote on at the same time. Thus to ease the counting lever and so new voting technique in using an optical machines are used in elections.
[attachment=26814]
Purpose of the Seminar
This Seminar has been developed in an attempt to provide an objective introduction to the issues of E-Voting surrounding the introduction of information technologies into the voting process. Voters’ trust in elections comes from a combination of the Mechanisms and procedures we use to record and tally votes. In this seminar I am going to present the various Electronic voting Method like voting by kiosk, Internet, telephone, punch card, and optical scan ballot, Proms and Cons of all voting types. I have also described how the evolution of various voting machines has been carried out in last 100 eras. There is a discussion on some of the problem found in e-voting machine like Florida’s butterfly ballots design problem. As the new problem known to the people, what is a reaction of the people toward this voting process? Like I have discussed some the well-known issues like Voter Verifiable result, Mercuri Method, Ballot Design Issues and etc..
Introduction
This section is mainly concern of the discussion of the definition of the Voting, Structure of Vote, and Importance of the Voting. The Subsequent Section discuss procedure for E-Voting with the specific need of the Voting Machine. Voting This is what the public does to choose the politician they want to run their area or country. Only those over 18 can vote at present Structure of Votes The structure of votes depends on the type of Elections. More precisely, It depends on the question that is put forward to voters in the election and Possible answers.
Type of Election We will distinguish between the following types of election. yes/no voting Voter’s answer is yes or no. Vote is a one bit: 1 for yes and 0 for no 1-out-of-L voting Voter has L possibilities and he chooses one of them. Vote is a number in the range 1 . . .L K-out-of-L voting Voter selects K different elements from the set of L possibilities. The order of the selected elements is not important. Vote is a K-tuple (v1 • • • vK) K-out-of-L ordered voting Voter puts into order K different elements from the set of L possibilities. Vote is an ordered K-tuple (v1 • • • vK). 1-L-K voting Voter picks out one of the L sets of possibilities, and from the selected set he chooses K elements. Vote is a K+1-tuple (i, a1 • • • aK); a1 • • • aK are elements of the ith set. Structured voting There are n levels of possibilities. Voter moves from the first level to the last one. At the ith level he can select at most ki possibilities from the subset Si of all possibilities in the ith level. Si, ki depend on his choices in the previous levels. Vote is a tuple (v11, • • • , v1k1 , • • • , vi1, • • • , viki , • • • , vnkn), where {vi1, • • • , viki} _ Si. Write-in voting Voter formulates his own answer and writes it down. Vote is a string with specified maximum length.
Voting importance
Voting is one of the most critical features in our democratic process. By casting a vote we hold previous politicians to account and express our hopes for the future. Of course democracy is more than votes - it's debate, letter writing, campaigning, consultation - but the vote is how every single citizen can wield real and immediate power. In addition to providing for the orderly transfer of power, it also cements the citizen’s trust and confidence in an organization or government when it operates efficiently. It's incredibly important that everyone can vote without interference, safe in the knowledge that it will be counted. Through the long history of democracy we have learnt that in the pursuit of power some groups are willing to threaten voters to make sure they vote 'the right way'. But if the vote is secret then there is no way for intimidators to know whether someone has voted for them or not - threats become useless. So votes are a vital expression of the people's power, which need to be secret and restricted to only one per citizen.
E-Voting Electronic voting is a term used to describe any of several means of determining people's collective intent electronically. Electronic voting includes voting by kiosk, Internet, telephone, punch card, and optical scan ballot (a.k.a. mark-sense). Voting is done for many reasons and in many situations, ranging from determining the next garden club officers to determining the next leader of a country. Depending on the situation, a voting scheme will be required to meet differing needs depending on the circumstances. One hopes that in this way the voting process becomes faster, cheaper, more convenient, and also more secure.
Requirements in E-Voting
A voting system should satisfy these requirements:
• Eligibility and authentication – only registered voters must be admitted.
• Uniqueness – no voter may cast his vote more than once.
• Accuracy – voting systems should record the votes correctly.
• Verifiability and audit ability – it should be possible to verify that all votes have been
correctly accounted for in the final tally, and there should be reliable and verifiably authentic election records.
• Secrecy – no one should be able to determine how any individual voted.
• Non-coerciability – voters should not be able to prove to others how they voted; otherwise vote selling and coercion would be facilitated.
• Minimum skill requirement for voter
• Minimal requirement of equipment
• Minimum Time required for vote
Voting Technique
The traditional way of voting has been to mark a token (shell, card or piece of paper) in private and then put it into a box or pot. The key points were to make sure that:
• Each voter could only have one token to vote with.
• The token could be marked in private.
• The box could only be accessible to voters.
• At the end of the election the box would be opened in the presence of observers of all the parties standing for election.
• If results were in doubt different people could count the tokens again. How Much information to be collected during the voting? If only the Name of the candidate then it is very easy to count. Consider a case like in USA, large number of issues Americans are asked to vote on at the same time. Thus to ease the counting lever and so new voting technique in using an optical machines are used in elections.