05-07-2012, 04:12 PM
Cellulose Paper + Nano-technology
[attachment=26900]
INTRODUCTION
The creation of the paper battery drew from a diverse pool of
disciplanes, requiring expertise in materials science, energy
storage and chemistry.
In august 2007, a research team at Rensselear polytechnic
Institute led by Drs. Robert Linhardt, the Ann and John H.Broad
Bent, senior constellation professors of bio catalysis and
Metabolic engineering at Rensselaer, the Pulickel M.Ajayan,
Professor of materials science and engineering AND Omkaram
Nalamasu, professor of chemistry with a joint appointment in
Material science and engineering developed the paper battery,
also known as nano composite paper.
Battery Chemistry
Electrochemical reaction - a chemical reaction between elements which creates electrons.
Oxidation occurs on the metals (“electrodes”), which creates the electrons.
Electrons are transferred down the pile via the saltwater paper (the “electrolyte”).
A charge is introduced at one pole, which builds as it moves down the pile.
Advantages of Using Li-Ion Batteries
POWER – High energy density means greater power in a smaller package.
160% greater than NiMH
220% greater than NiCd
HIGHER VOLTAGE – a strong current allows it to power complex mechanical devices.
LONG SHELF-LIFE – only 5% discharge loss per month.
10% for NiMH, 20% for NiCd
Disadvantages of Li-Ion
EXPENSIVE -- 40% more than NiCd.
DELICATE -- battery temp must be monitored from within (which raises the price), and sealed particularly well.
REGULATIONS -- when shipping Li-Ion batteries in bulk (which also raises the price).
Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous material
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (III, 38.3)
WHAT IS A CARBON NANOTUBE
A carbon nanotube is a tube-shaped material, made of carbon, having a diameter measuring on the nanometer scale.
A nanometer is one billionth of the meter or about one ten-thousandth the thickness of the human hair.
The graphite layer appears somewhat like a rolled-up chicken wire with a continuous unbroken hexagonal mesh and carbon molecules at the apexes of the hexagons.
Carbon Nanotubes have many structures, differing in length, thickness, and in the type of helicity and number of layers.
Although they are formed from essentially the same graphite sheet, their electrical characteristics differ depending on these variations, acting either as metals or as semiconductors.
[attachment=26900]
INTRODUCTION
The creation of the paper battery drew from a diverse pool of
disciplanes, requiring expertise in materials science, energy
storage and chemistry.
In august 2007, a research team at Rensselear polytechnic
Institute led by Drs. Robert Linhardt, the Ann and John H.Broad
Bent, senior constellation professors of bio catalysis and
Metabolic engineering at Rensselaer, the Pulickel M.Ajayan,
Professor of materials science and engineering AND Omkaram
Nalamasu, professor of chemistry with a joint appointment in
Material science and engineering developed the paper battery,
also known as nano composite paper.
Battery Chemistry
Electrochemical reaction - a chemical reaction between elements which creates electrons.
Oxidation occurs on the metals (“electrodes”), which creates the electrons.
Electrons are transferred down the pile via the saltwater paper (the “electrolyte”).
A charge is introduced at one pole, which builds as it moves down the pile.
Advantages of Using Li-Ion Batteries
POWER – High energy density means greater power in a smaller package.
160% greater than NiMH
220% greater than NiCd
HIGHER VOLTAGE – a strong current allows it to power complex mechanical devices.
LONG SHELF-LIFE – only 5% discharge loss per month.
10% for NiMH, 20% for NiCd
Disadvantages of Li-Ion
EXPENSIVE -- 40% more than NiCd.
DELICATE -- battery temp must be monitored from within (which raises the price), and sealed particularly well.
REGULATIONS -- when shipping Li-Ion batteries in bulk (which also raises the price).
Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous material
UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (III, 38.3)
WHAT IS A CARBON NANOTUBE
A carbon nanotube is a tube-shaped material, made of carbon, having a diameter measuring on the nanometer scale.
A nanometer is one billionth of the meter or about one ten-thousandth the thickness of the human hair.
The graphite layer appears somewhat like a rolled-up chicken wire with a continuous unbroken hexagonal mesh and carbon molecules at the apexes of the hexagons.
Carbon Nanotubes have many structures, differing in length, thickness, and in the type of helicity and number of layers.
Although they are formed from essentially the same graphite sheet, their electrical characteristics differ depending on these variations, acting either as metals or as semiconductors.