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M-Commerce: Mobile Applications


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Vehicles
transmission of news, road condition etc
ad-hoc network with near vehicles to prevent accidents
Emergencies
early transmission of patient data to the hospital
ad-hoc network in case of earthquakes, cyclones
military ...


Travelling salesmen
direct access to central customer files
consistent databases for all agents
mobile office
Web access
outdoor Internet access
intelligent travel guide with up-to-date location dependent information


Mobile Applications in Industry

Wireless access: phone.com
Alerting services: myalert.com
Location services: airflash.com
Intranet applications: imedeon.com
Banking services: macalla.com
Web access: wapforum.com
Mobile agents: tryllian.com


Limitations of Mobile Environment

Limitations of the Wireless Network
heterogeneity of fragmented networks
frequent disconnections
limited communication bandwidth
Limitations Imposed by Mobility
lack of mobility awareness by system/applications
Limitations of the Mobile Computer
short battery lifetime
limited capacities


Effect of Mobility on Protocol Stack


Application
new applications and adaptations
Transport
congestion and flow control
Network
addressing and routing
Link
media access and handoff
Physical
transmission errors and interference


Architecture of the GSM system


GSM is a PLMN (Public Land Mobile Netwk)
Components
MS (mobile station)
BS (base station)
MSC (mobile switching center)
LR (location register)
Subsystems
RSS (radio subsystem): covers all radio aspects
NSS (network and switching subsystem): call forwarding, handover, switching
OSS (operation subsystem): n/w management