07-07-2012, 11:04 AM
Studying LOW POWER TV TRANSMITTER in DOORDARSHAN relay station.
[attachment=27052]
INTRODUCTION
DOORDARSHAN:
The Director General, Doordarshan is responsible for the overall administration of the Doordarshan network which consists of 60 Doordarshan Kendra’s / Production Centres, 126 Doordarshan Maintenance Centres, 194 High Power Transmitters, 830 Low Power Transmitters and 379 very Low Power Transmitters as on 31.12.2004. Doordarshan is presently operating 26 channels.
Doordarshan is divided into four wings: Programme, News, Engineering, and Administration & Finance, Programme Wing deals with all aspects relating to programme conception, production and procurement at the national, regional, and local level. News Wing puts out news bulletins and other current affairs programmes at the national and regional level. Engineering Wing deals with all the hardware requirements of the entire network, including the space segment and the studios, transmitters etc. Administration & Finance Wing deals with the administrative and financial aspects including general administration, personnel management, and budget and plan coordination.
BEGINNING:
Doordarshan had a modest beginning with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15th September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started in 1965 as a part of All India Radio. The television service was extended to Bombay (now Mumbai) and Amritsar in 1972. Till 1975, seven Indian cities had television service and Doordarshan remained the only television channel in India. Television services were placed under the management of two separate Director Generals in New Delhi. Finally, Doordarshan as a National Broadcaster came into existence.
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TELEVISION:
The history of television technology can be divided along two lines: those developments that depended upon both mechanical and electronic principles and those which are purely electronic. From the latter descended all modern televisions, but these would not have been possible without discoveries and insights from the mechanical systems.
The word television is a hybrid word, created from both Greek and Latin. Tele- is Greek for “far”, while Vision- is from the Latin Visio, meaning “vision” or “sight”. It is often abbreviated as TV or the Telly.
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
In telecommunications, the use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth. Satellite communications play a vital role in the global telecommunications system. Approximately 2,000 artificial satellites orbiting Earth relay analog and digital signals carrying voice, video, and data to and from one or many locations worldwide.
Satellite communication has two main components: the ground segment, which consists of fixed or mobile transmission, reception, and ancillary equipment, and the space segment, which primarily is the satellite itself. A typical satellite link involves the transmission or uplinking of a signal from an Earth station to a satellite. The satellite then receives and amplifies the signal and retransmits it back to Earth, where it is received and re-amplified by Earth stations and terminals. Satellite receivers on the ground include direct-to-home (DTH) satellite equipment, mobile reception equipment in aircraft, satellite telephones, and hand held devices.
CABLE TRANSMISSION :
In addition to wireless transmission by broadcast stations, the cable TV system provides a distribution system with co-axial cables. It is similar to wired telephone system but it is used for TV programs. The RF carrier signal are supplied so that a tuner can be used to select the desired channel cable TV has become popular because more channels are provided and strong signals can be supplied for areas in which the antenna signal is not good enough cable television started as a means by providing signals to communities that could not receive broadcast stations, either because of distance or shadow areas in which the signals was too weak.
What is DTH?
Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite television is becoming a buzzword in the satellite broadcast industry due to the fact that DTH offers immense opportunities to both broadcasters and viewers. Thanks to the rapid development of digital technology, DTH broadcast operators worldwide have been able to introduce a large number of new interactive applications in the television market besides a large number of entertainments programmed over a single delivery platform.
In addition, since digital technology permits a highly efficient exploitation of the frequency spectrum, the number of TV channels that can be broadcast using digital technology is significantly higher than with analogue technology. The increased number of television channels allows the operator to satisfy the demand of a number of niche markets with dedicated transmissions.
CONCLUSION
We would like to conclude this training as a very great and enriching the experience to learn about the LOW POWER TV TRANSMITTER.
The transmitter service involves great equipment that deals with monitoring section exciting system and we learn about the equipment of the doordarshan relay center and its working.
We also learned about the procedure of transmission, reception and strengthening of the signal and retransmitting the signal into space for the broadcast around the range of propagation.
[attachment=27052]
INTRODUCTION
DOORDARSHAN:
The Director General, Doordarshan is responsible for the overall administration of the Doordarshan network which consists of 60 Doordarshan Kendra’s / Production Centres, 126 Doordarshan Maintenance Centres, 194 High Power Transmitters, 830 Low Power Transmitters and 379 very Low Power Transmitters as on 31.12.2004. Doordarshan is presently operating 26 channels.
Doordarshan is divided into four wings: Programme, News, Engineering, and Administration & Finance, Programme Wing deals with all aspects relating to programme conception, production and procurement at the national, regional, and local level. News Wing puts out news bulletins and other current affairs programmes at the national and regional level. Engineering Wing deals with all the hardware requirements of the entire network, including the space segment and the studios, transmitters etc. Administration & Finance Wing deals with the administrative and financial aspects including general administration, personnel management, and budget and plan coordination.
BEGINNING:
Doordarshan had a modest beginning with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15th September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started in 1965 as a part of All India Radio. The television service was extended to Bombay (now Mumbai) and Amritsar in 1972. Till 1975, seven Indian cities had television service and Doordarshan remained the only television channel in India. Television services were placed under the management of two separate Director Generals in New Delhi. Finally, Doordarshan as a National Broadcaster came into existence.
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF TELEVISION:
The history of television technology can be divided along two lines: those developments that depended upon both mechanical and electronic principles and those which are purely electronic. From the latter descended all modern televisions, but these would not have been possible without discoveries and insights from the mechanical systems.
The word television is a hybrid word, created from both Greek and Latin. Tele- is Greek for “far”, while Vision- is from the Latin Visio, meaning “vision” or “sight”. It is often abbreviated as TV or the Telly.
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
In telecommunications, the use of artificial satellites to provide communication links between various points on Earth. Satellite communications play a vital role in the global telecommunications system. Approximately 2,000 artificial satellites orbiting Earth relay analog and digital signals carrying voice, video, and data to and from one or many locations worldwide.
Satellite communication has two main components: the ground segment, which consists of fixed or mobile transmission, reception, and ancillary equipment, and the space segment, which primarily is the satellite itself. A typical satellite link involves the transmission or uplinking of a signal from an Earth station to a satellite. The satellite then receives and amplifies the signal and retransmits it back to Earth, where it is received and re-amplified by Earth stations and terminals. Satellite receivers on the ground include direct-to-home (DTH) satellite equipment, mobile reception equipment in aircraft, satellite telephones, and hand held devices.
CABLE TRANSMISSION :
In addition to wireless transmission by broadcast stations, the cable TV system provides a distribution system with co-axial cables. It is similar to wired telephone system but it is used for TV programs. The RF carrier signal are supplied so that a tuner can be used to select the desired channel cable TV has become popular because more channels are provided and strong signals can be supplied for areas in which the antenna signal is not good enough cable television started as a means by providing signals to communities that could not receive broadcast stations, either because of distance or shadow areas in which the signals was too weak.
What is DTH?
Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite television is becoming a buzzword in the satellite broadcast industry due to the fact that DTH offers immense opportunities to both broadcasters and viewers. Thanks to the rapid development of digital technology, DTH broadcast operators worldwide have been able to introduce a large number of new interactive applications in the television market besides a large number of entertainments programmed over a single delivery platform.
In addition, since digital technology permits a highly efficient exploitation of the frequency spectrum, the number of TV channels that can be broadcast using digital technology is significantly higher than with analogue technology. The increased number of television channels allows the operator to satisfy the demand of a number of niche markets with dedicated transmissions.
CONCLUSION
We would like to conclude this training as a very great and enriching the experience to learn about the LOW POWER TV TRANSMITTER.
The transmitter service involves great equipment that deals with monitoring section exciting system and we learn about the equipment of the doordarshan relay center and its working.
We also learned about the procedure of transmission, reception and strengthening of the signal and retransmitting the signal into space for the broadcast around the range of propagation.