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Audio Watermark


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Abstract
The recording industry is losing money. Piration should be blamed. But are there any way to prevent the trend? Yes, the answer lies in the watermark technology. In my paper, first I will talk about the original and definition of audio watermark. Then the main idea, that is to say, the mechanism behind watermark will be discussed. Thirdly, properties would be elaborated. Then different applications are discussed. The last but not least, a vivid case in real life is presented.

Introduction
According to figures published by the IFPI, the recording industry lost 4.2 billion dollars almost every year. The illegal manufacturer burn CDs and sell them to the customer, who can buy the same CD the tenth price as in some music store. What is more, some website provide download or online listening service to music fans. However, an audio watermark breakthrough the recording industry needs. Actually the audio watermark is like a signature, different to every copy and piece of music. It could be used to track the owner of illegal distribution and could be also used as a copyright for the owner. Naturely, it has to make sure that it could not be heard and interfere with the original sound quality and it could survive the audio signal distortion. In my paper, first I give the origin and definition to audio watermark, so to say, what is watermark, audio watermark, where does it come from. Secondly I will discuss the main idea behind the technology and then one of them-bitstream watermark. Third, properties of audio watermark would be elaborated. That is what requirement of an audio watermark should be met. The forth, I will talk about the applications of audio water, how it could be used? The last but not least, a special case of music trace company is presented. I will concentrate on several business module based on the audio watermark technology.

Audio watermark-Origin and definition

Actually, the word watermark comes from paper industry first. A watermark is a design embossed into a piece of paper during its production and used for identification of the paper and papermaker. The watermark can be seen when the paper is held up to light. The design could be some pattern or images which indicate quality of trademark of the paper. Then the word watermark in introduced to digital field. It is an identification code carrying information about the copyright owner, the creator of the work, authorized consumers and so on(1). The watermark is invisible and permanently embedded into digital data for copyright protection and for checking if the data has been corrupted. The electronic documents which is watermarked can be digital image, audio or even video. But I will only concentrate on the audio watermark, which means a watermark embedded in an audio stream to identify its origin.

The main idea

All watermarking system consist of two blocks-watermark embedding system and a watermark detector system as we can see in picture one
Picture one:



Properties of audio watermark

Some basic requirements should be met by an audio watermark. These are low computational cost, no distortion of original signal and change of format, robustness and imperceptibility.
Low computational cost means it should not take long for a watermark to be embedded and detected.


Applications

The audio watermark is used in many ways. First, it is used in proof of ownership. Information during production, copyright information in the form of a watermark can be anchored directly in the recording. Specific ownership has different information imbedded. It could also used for access control, the watermark becomes a trigger to give allowance for playing the music.

Audio Watermark

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Introduction

Digital Data can be shared by multiple users, distributed over network, and managed for long period time without any damage.
In contrast to these, the copyright protection problem arises, since unauthorized copying and distribution of digital data are simplified, too.
As a result, a technique called digital watermarking is introduced to protect the ownership of these contents.


AUDIO WATERMARKING

What we can define


Digital Audio Watermarking is a technology to hide information in an audio file without the information being audible to the listener, and without affecting in any way the audio quality of the original file.


The LSB Algorithm :


A raw audio file( .wav) file ‘A’ will be selected from the set of standard audio files. Let this be the base audio signal on which the watermark will be added.
Another raw audio file ‘B’ will be selected from the set of standard audio files . This will be the watermark audio signal which will be added to the original audio file.
The most significant bit(MSB), of watermark audio signal ‘B’ will be read and these will be written on the least significant bit, henceforth will be mentioned as LSB, of base audio signal ‘A’.
Thus, ‘A’ will be watermarked with ‘B’ resulting in a combined audio signal ‘C’.
‘C’ therefore will now contain an audio file ‘A’ which has its LSBs replaced with the MSBs of ‘B’.


CONCLUSION


Watermark can be embedded in an audio signal without being recognized by hearing and the perceptibility requirement is fulfilled .
Extraction can be done without the presence of the original signal and the watermark itself, so can be classified as blind or public watermarking.