14-07-2012, 03:34 PM
4G Fourth-Generation Cellular Communication System
[attachment=27679]
Evolution of Data Standards
The radio telephone system preceded modern cellular mobile telephony technology (1G).
The radio telephone system contained one central antenna tower per region. The central antenna required radio phones to have a powerful transmitter, capable of transmitting up to 50 miles. The number of radio telephones per region was limited by the number of available channels.
Unlike closed radio systems, radio telephones were connected to the public telephone network and were typically mounted in cars, trucks, and briefcases.
The 1G cellular telephone system divided cities into small cells. This division allowed extensive frequency reuse across a city, allowing millions to use cell phones simultaneously.
1G cell phone technology encompassed analog standards introduced in the 1980s and continued until replaced by 2G digital cell phones.
Second Generation Cellular Communication (2G) 2G digital technologies can be divided into two standards: TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) - GSM: Originally from Europe but used worldwide - iDEN: Proprietary network used by Nextel in the US - PDC: Used exclusively in Japan CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) - IS-95: Commonly referred to as CDMA and used in the Americas and parts of Asia
Third Generation Cellular Communication (3G) 3G networks provide the ability to transfer voice data and non-voice data (music downloads, emails and instant messaging) over the same network simultaneously.
3G networks deliver broadband capacity and support greater numbers of voice and data customers at lower incremental costs than 2G.
Standards: - W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
- EVDO: Evolution-Data Optimized
3G vs. 4G
Less Complexity, Faster Transmission
Unlike the 3G networks which are a combination of circuit switched and packet switched networks, 4G will be based on packet switching only. This will allow low-latency data transmission.
4G Possibilities
Virtual Presence Use hologram-generating virtual reality programs that provide an artificial presence just about anywhere. For example, decide if you want to personally respond when someone rings your front door while you are away from home.
Broadband Access in Remote Locations 4G networks will provide a wireless alternative for broadband access to residential and business customers. In addition, 4G will provide the first opportunity for broadband access in remote locations without an infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.
WiMAX
World Interoperability for Microwave Access
There are two main applications of WiMAX:
Fixed WiMAX (IEEE 802.16-2004) - Fixed WiMAX applications are point-to-multipoint enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL for homes and businesses.
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) - Mobile WiMAX offers the full mobility of cellular networks at true broadband speeds.
WiMAX vs. Wi-Fi
WiMAX / Wi-Fi Comparison
WiMAX and Wi-Fi are somewhat independent, addressing slightly different needs. WiMAX uses private, licensed spectrum and provides Wi-Fi-like service with guaranteed performance to larger public areas, similar in coverage to cellular networks today. Wi-Fi uses shared spectrum and operates at short distances, making it ideal for low-cost, private networks (where usage of the network is constrained to an office building or campus) or free public systems (where service guarantees are not required).
4G Access Options
Embed 4G technology into all end-user devices
Develop mobile personal gateways
Develop external interfaces with 4G peripherals
[attachment=27679]
Evolution of Data Standards
The radio telephone system preceded modern cellular mobile telephony technology (1G).
The radio telephone system contained one central antenna tower per region. The central antenna required radio phones to have a powerful transmitter, capable of transmitting up to 50 miles. The number of radio telephones per region was limited by the number of available channels.
Unlike closed radio systems, radio telephones were connected to the public telephone network and were typically mounted in cars, trucks, and briefcases.
The 1G cellular telephone system divided cities into small cells. This division allowed extensive frequency reuse across a city, allowing millions to use cell phones simultaneously.
1G cell phone technology encompassed analog standards introduced in the 1980s and continued until replaced by 2G digital cell phones.
Second Generation Cellular Communication (2G) 2G digital technologies can be divided into two standards: TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) - GSM: Originally from Europe but used worldwide - iDEN: Proprietary network used by Nextel in the US - PDC: Used exclusively in Japan CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) - IS-95: Commonly referred to as CDMA and used in the Americas and parts of Asia
Third Generation Cellular Communication (3G) 3G networks provide the ability to transfer voice data and non-voice data (music downloads, emails and instant messaging) over the same network simultaneously.
3G networks deliver broadband capacity and support greater numbers of voice and data customers at lower incremental costs than 2G.
Standards: - W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
- EVDO: Evolution-Data Optimized
3G vs. 4G
Less Complexity, Faster Transmission
Unlike the 3G networks which are a combination of circuit switched and packet switched networks, 4G will be based on packet switching only. This will allow low-latency data transmission.
4G Possibilities
Virtual Presence Use hologram-generating virtual reality programs that provide an artificial presence just about anywhere. For example, decide if you want to personally respond when someone rings your front door while you are away from home.
Broadband Access in Remote Locations 4G networks will provide a wireless alternative for broadband access to residential and business customers. In addition, 4G will provide the first opportunity for broadband access in remote locations without an infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.
WiMAX
World Interoperability for Microwave Access
There are two main applications of WiMAX:
Fixed WiMAX (IEEE 802.16-2004) - Fixed WiMAX applications are point-to-multipoint enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL for homes and businesses.
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) - Mobile WiMAX offers the full mobility of cellular networks at true broadband speeds.
WiMAX vs. Wi-Fi
WiMAX / Wi-Fi Comparison
WiMAX and Wi-Fi are somewhat independent, addressing slightly different needs. WiMAX uses private, licensed spectrum and provides Wi-Fi-like service with guaranteed performance to larger public areas, similar in coverage to cellular networks today. Wi-Fi uses shared spectrum and operates at short distances, making it ideal for low-cost, private networks (where usage of the network is constrained to an office building or campus) or free public systems (where service guarantees are not required).
4G Access Options
Embed 4G technology into all end-user devices
Develop mobile personal gateways
Develop external interfaces with 4G peripherals