18-07-2012, 04:10 PM
BIOMETRICS: FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY
[attachment=27996]
WHAT IS BIOMETRICS?
BIOMETRICS – any automatically measurable, robust and distinctive physical characteristic or personal trait that can be used to identify an individual or verify the claimed identity of an individual.
TWO MAIN USES
1) IDENTFICATION
-figure out “Who is X?”
-accomplished by system performing a “one-to-many” search
2) VERIFICATION
-answer the question “Is this X?”
-accomplished by the system performing a “one-to-one” search
TYPES OF BIOMETRICS
Iris Scanning
-measures the iris patter in the colored part of the eye
Retinal Scan
-measures the blood vessel patterns in the back of the eye
Voice Recognition
-measures the vocal characteristics of a person using a specific phrase
Finger Printing
-measures the unique pattern of lines on a persons finger
FACIAL RECOGNITION
Facial recognition is a form of computer vision that uses faces to attempt to identify a person or verify a person’s claimed identity. Regardless of specific method used, the facial recognition is accomplished in a five step process.
FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 1)
ACQUIRING THE IMAGE OF AN INDIVIDUALS FACE
2 WAYS TO AQUIRE IMAGE
1)Digitally scan an existing photograph
2)Acquire a live picture of a subject
FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 2)
LOCATE IMAGE OF FACE
-software is used to locate the faces in the image that has been obtained
FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 3)
ANALYSIS OF FACIAL IMAGE
-software measures face according to is peaks and valleys (nodal points)
-focuses on the inner region of the face known as the “golden triangle”
-nodal points are used to make a face print
FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 4)
COMPARISON
-the face print created by the software is compared to all face prints the system has stored in its database.
FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 5)
MATCH OR NO MATCH
-software decides whether or not any comparisons from step 4 are close enough to declare a possible match
CONTROVERSY
FALSE POSITIVES
-FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR TEST 2000
-PALM BEACH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
-FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR TEST 2002
CONTROVERSY
VIOLATION OF CONTITUTION RIGHT AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCH?
United States v. Dionisio, 410 U.S. 1, 14 (1973)
-person does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy of those physical characteristics that are constantly exposed to the public such as one’s facial features, voice and handwriting
CONTROVERSY
THE BORDER EXCEPTION
-the fourth amendment recognizes the longstanding right of the sovereign to protect itself by stopping and examining persons and property crossing into this country
[attachment=27996]
WHAT IS BIOMETRICS?
BIOMETRICS – any automatically measurable, robust and distinctive physical characteristic or personal trait that can be used to identify an individual or verify the claimed identity of an individual.
TWO MAIN USES
1) IDENTFICATION
-figure out “Who is X?”
-accomplished by system performing a “one-to-many” search
2) VERIFICATION
-answer the question “Is this X?”
-accomplished by the system performing a “one-to-one” search
TYPES OF BIOMETRICS
Iris Scanning
-measures the iris patter in the colored part of the eye
Retinal Scan
-measures the blood vessel patterns in the back of the eye
Voice Recognition
-measures the vocal characteristics of a person using a specific phrase
Finger Printing
-measures the unique pattern of lines on a persons finger
FACIAL RECOGNITION
Facial recognition is a form of computer vision that uses faces to attempt to identify a person or verify a person’s claimed identity. Regardless of specific method used, the facial recognition is accomplished in a five step process.
FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 1)
ACQUIRING THE IMAGE OF AN INDIVIDUALS FACE
2 WAYS TO AQUIRE IMAGE
1)Digitally scan an existing photograph
2)Acquire a live picture of a subject
FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 2)
LOCATE IMAGE OF FACE
-software is used to locate the faces in the image that has been obtained
FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 3)
ANALYSIS OF FACIAL IMAGE
-software measures face according to is peaks and valleys (nodal points)
-focuses on the inner region of the face known as the “golden triangle”
-nodal points are used to make a face print
FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 4)
COMPARISON
-the face print created by the software is compared to all face prints the system has stored in its database.
FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 5)
MATCH OR NO MATCH
-software decides whether or not any comparisons from step 4 are close enough to declare a possible match
CONTROVERSY
FALSE POSITIVES
-FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR TEST 2000
-PALM BEACH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
-FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR TEST 2002
CONTROVERSY
VIOLATION OF CONTITUTION RIGHT AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCH?
United States v. Dionisio, 410 U.S. 1, 14 (1973)
-person does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy of those physical characteristics that are constantly exposed to the public such as one’s facial features, voice and handwriting
CONTROVERSY
THE BORDER EXCEPTION
-the fourth amendment recognizes the longstanding right of the sovereign to protect itself by stopping and examining persons and property crossing into this country