25-07-2012, 02:47 PM
A Median Filter FPGA with Harvard Architecture
[attachment=28909]
Abstract
To improve the speed of the image processing chip, to quick share the market and to reduce costs, this paper designs a chip with Harvard Architecture and FPGA. The chip is also used with a new hardware algorithm. Using the chip, the processing time is 13.2％ less than the time of the chip with Von Neumann Architecture. The used units of filter are 13% of the whole FPGA gates, less than the claim part of the multi-image processing chip
Introduction to VLSI:
The word digital has made a dramatic impact on our society. More significant is a continuous trend towards digital solutions in all areas – from electronic instrumentation, control, data manipulation, signals processing, telecommunications etc., to consumer electronics. Development of such solutions has been possible due to good digital system design and modeling techniques.
VLSI Design Flow:
The system prototyping methodology is a natural outgrowth of recent developments in software and hardware facilities intended to make it simple for designers with an idea for a particular application to turn that idea into a working system based on very large scale integrated chips. Today VLSI CMOS technologies deliver individual integrated circuits (ICs) and containing millions of gates, sufficient to implement substantial systems-on-a chip or major subsystems-on-a chip. System-on-chip design may involve the expertise from many fields of electronics such as signal processing, communication, device physics etc. and so on. It is unreasonable to expect the architect of a speech recognition system,
for example, to be an expert in device physics as well as in signal processing. The MeadConway methodology for integrated-circuit design makes VLSI technology available to such an application designers.
The problem encountered designing very large scale integrated circuits are fundamentally different from the problems encountered in the design of small scale integrated circuits.The differences require a different methodology of design and the new methodology requires a new set of tools. At one time design automation was attempted, but the effort later was shifted to Computer-aided design, it was under-stood that fully automation without human intervention is a formidable task. So the effort was on to use of computers with human intervention for obtaining a critical decision is more meaningful approach. The procedures for design, simulation, verification or test involve CAD tools.
Von Neumann Architecture:
Introduction:
The von Neumann architecture is a computer design model that uses a processing unit and a single separate storage structure to hold both instructions and data. It is named after mathematician and early computer scientist John von Neumann. Such a computer implements a universal Turing machine, and the common "referential model" of specifying sequential architectures, in contrast with parallel architectures. The term "stored-program computer" is generally used to mean a computer of this design, although as modern computers are usually of this type, the term has fallen into disuse.
History
The earliest computing machines had fixed programs. Some very simple computers still use this design, either for simplicity or training purposes. For example, a desk calculator (in principle) is a fixed program computer. It can do basic mathematics, but it cannot be used as a word processor or to run video games. To change the program of such a machine, you have to re-wire, re-structure, or even re-design the machine. Indeed, the earliest computers were not so much "programmed" as they were "designed". "Reprogramming", when it was possible at all, was a laborious process, starting with flow charts and paper notes, followed by detailed engineering designs, and then the often-arduous process of physically re-wiring and re-building the machine.
[attachment=28909]
Abstract
To improve the speed of the image processing chip, to quick share the market and to reduce costs, this paper designs a chip with Harvard Architecture and FPGA. The chip is also used with a new hardware algorithm. Using the chip, the processing time is 13.2％ less than the time of the chip with Von Neumann Architecture. The used units of filter are 13% of the whole FPGA gates, less than the claim part of the multi-image processing chip
Introduction to VLSI:
The word digital has made a dramatic impact on our society. More significant is a continuous trend towards digital solutions in all areas – from electronic instrumentation, control, data manipulation, signals processing, telecommunications etc., to consumer electronics. Development of such solutions has been possible due to good digital system design and modeling techniques.
VLSI Design Flow:
The system prototyping methodology is a natural outgrowth of recent developments in software and hardware facilities intended to make it simple for designers with an idea for a particular application to turn that idea into a working system based on very large scale integrated chips. Today VLSI CMOS technologies deliver individual integrated circuits (ICs) and containing millions of gates, sufficient to implement substantial systems-on-a chip or major subsystems-on-a chip. System-on-chip design may involve the expertise from many fields of electronics such as signal processing, communication, device physics etc. and so on. It is unreasonable to expect the architect of a speech recognition system,
for example, to be an expert in device physics as well as in signal processing. The MeadConway methodology for integrated-circuit design makes VLSI technology available to such an application designers.
The problem encountered designing very large scale integrated circuits are fundamentally different from the problems encountered in the design of small scale integrated circuits.The differences require a different methodology of design and the new methodology requires a new set of tools. At one time design automation was attempted, but the effort later was shifted to Computer-aided design, it was under-stood that fully automation without human intervention is a formidable task. So the effort was on to use of computers with human intervention for obtaining a critical decision is more meaningful approach. The procedures for design, simulation, verification or test involve CAD tools.
Von Neumann Architecture:
Introduction:
The von Neumann architecture is a computer design model that uses a processing unit and a single separate storage structure to hold both instructions and data. It is named after mathematician and early computer scientist John von Neumann. Such a computer implements a universal Turing machine, and the common "referential model" of specifying sequential architectures, in contrast with parallel architectures. The term "stored-program computer" is generally used to mean a computer of this design, although as modern computers are usually of this type, the term has fallen into disuse.
History
The earliest computing machines had fixed programs. Some very simple computers still use this design, either for simplicity or training purposes. For example, a desk calculator (in principle) is a fixed program computer. It can do basic mathematics, but it cannot be used as a word processor or to run video games. To change the program of such a machine, you have to re-wire, re-structure, or even re-design the machine. Indeed, the earliest computers were not so much "programmed" as they were "designed". "Reprogramming", when it was possible at all, was a laborious process, starting with flow charts and paper notes, followed by detailed engineering designs, and then the often-arduous process of physically re-wiring and re-building the machine.