26-07-2012, 04:51 PM
How FACTS Controllers Benefit AC Transmission Systems
[attachment=29148]
INTRODUCTION
With the ongoing expansion and growth of the electric
utility industry, including deregulation in many countries,
numerous changes are continuously being introduced to a
once predictable business. Although electricity is a highly
engineered product, it is increasingly being considered and
handled as a commodity. Thus, transmission systems are
being pushed closer to their stability and thermal limits while
the focus on the quality of power delivered is greater than
ever.
In the evolving utility environment, financial and market
forces are, and will continue to, demand a more optimal and
profitable operation of the power system with respect to
generation, transmission, and distribution. Now, more than
ever, advanced technologies are paramount for the reliable
and secure operation of power systems. To achieve both
operational reliability and financial profitability, it has
become clear that more efficient utilization and control of the
existing transmission system infrastructure is required.
CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS
A. Generation, Transmission, Distribution
When discussing the creation, movement, and utilization of
electrical power, it can be separated into three areas, which
traditionally determined the way in which electric utility
companies had been organized. These are illustrated in
Figure 1 and are:
• Generation
• Transmission
• Distribution
Power System Constraints
As noted in the introduction, transmission systems are
being pushed closer to their stability and thermal limits while
the focus on the quality of power delivered is greater than
ever. The limitations of the transmission system can take
many forms and may involve power transfer between areas
(referred to here as transmission bottlenecks) or within a
single area or region (referred to here as a regional constraint)
and may include one or more of the following characteristics:
PHASES OF POWER SYSTEM STUDIES FOR FACTS
INSTALLATION PROJECTS
the author’s view of the overall process for
system studies associated with FACTS installation projects.
The presentation that accompanies this paper goes into details
of the various phases of power system studies and what items
must be focused on for each phase including the modeling
requirements. The presentation will start with initial
feasibility studies to determine system constraints and
reinforcement needs, typically undertaken by the
utility/transmission owners, all the way through to the system
studies and modeling issues associated with the every-day
operation of an installed FACTS controller in a specific power
system. The following subsections provide the basic
objectives and selected details for each study phase in a bullet
list format of the presentation material.
[attachment=29148]
INTRODUCTION
With the ongoing expansion and growth of the electric
utility industry, including deregulation in many countries,
numerous changes are continuously being introduced to a
once predictable business. Although electricity is a highly
engineered product, it is increasingly being considered and
handled as a commodity. Thus, transmission systems are
being pushed closer to their stability and thermal limits while
the focus on the quality of power delivered is greater than
ever.
In the evolving utility environment, financial and market
forces are, and will continue to, demand a more optimal and
profitable operation of the power system with respect to
generation, transmission, and distribution. Now, more than
ever, advanced technologies are paramount for the reliable
and secure operation of power systems. To achieve both
operational reliability and financial profitability, it has
become clear that more efficient utilization and control of the
existing transmission system infrastructure is required.
CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS
A. Generation, Transmission, Distribution
When discussing the creation, movement, and utilization of
electrical power, it can be separated into three areas, which
traditionally determined the way in which electric utility
companies had been organized. These are illustrated in
Figure 1 and are:
• Generation
• Transmission
• Distribution
Power System Constraints
As noted in the introduction, transmission systems are
being pushed closer to their stability and thermal limits while
the focus on the quality of power delivered is greater than
ever. The limitations of the transmission system can take
many forms and may involve power transfer between areas
(referred to here as transmission bottlenecks) or within a
single area or region (referred to here as a regional constraint)
and may include one or more of the following characteristics:
PHASES OF POWER SYSTEM STUDIES FOR FACTS
INSTALLATION PROJECTS
the author’s view of the overall process for
system studies associated with FACTS installation projects.
The presentation that accompanies this paper goes into details
of the various phases of power system studies and what items
must be focused on for each phase including the modeling
requirements. The presentation will start with initial
feasibility studies to determine system constraints and
reinforcement needs, typically undertaken by the
utility/transmission owners, all the way through to the system
studies and modeling issues associated with the every-day
operation of an installed FACTS controller in a specific power
system. The following subsections provide the basic
objectives and selected details for each study phase in a bullet
list format of the presentation material.