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Unlicensed Mobile Access

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Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) technology provides access to GSM and GPRS mobile services over wireless networks based on unlicensed spectrum technologies, e.g. Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 networks.
By deploying UMA technology, service providers can enable subscribers to roam and perform seamless handovers between cellular networks and public and private unlicensed wireless networks, and to use for instance SIM/AuC authentication also in the wireless networks, using dual-mode handsets.


Roaming vs. portability


Roaming means that it is possible to use a terminal when moving from one network to another. Additional features (mobility, security) that involve cooperation between network operators or service providers are usually supported, due to roaming agreements between these operators or service providers.

Portability means that it is possible to use a terminal anywhere in a certain network (e.g. WLAN). However, when moving to another network, mobility or security features are not automatically maintained.



Terminal vs. personal mobility


Terminal mobility means the ability of the network to locate a mobile terminal, route incoming or outgoing calls (or packet sessions) regardless of the point of attachment to the network, and maintain connections while the terminal moves around in the network.

Personal mobility means that a person can be reached via any one of several terminals (that can be located at different places) using a single address (e.g. SIP address). This concept has not been widely used yet.


Advantages Availability & Pricing


UMA could be used to provide better in-building coverage for customers who don't get a good cellular signal in some areas, including basements.
It enables service providers to deliver voice at a lower cost when handsets are within range of an unlicensed wireless network.

If a customer doesn't have a wireless network already in the house, a wireless access point would be needed in addition to a broadband link .
The most expensive and technologically challenging component of UMA solution is the Wi-Fi and cellular handset, because of battery-life limitations, cost, and size .
UMA cannot guarantee the quality of a voice call or the throughput of a data connection and traffic prioritization with QoS can significantly improve performance.







Unlicensed Mobile Access

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UMA History

Development of UMA inspired by the rapid deployment of broadband and wireless LANs within homes.
Wanted to create a high bandwidth, low-cost wireless access network.
Several major leading mobile operators and network equipment vendors collaborated and formed the Unlicensed Mobile Access Consortium (UMAC), to promote the Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) technology and develop specifications for it.

Inside UMA

UMA protocol stored within the radio of the device.
Tunnels through other radio layers to get to mobile network
Requires an IP interface to connect to the internet
IPsec module deals with tunnel to UMA controller

VoIP

Transferring voice over internet is a costly endeavor
Codecs used in traditional VoIP clients are costly
AMR (Adaptive Mult-Rate) used to provide cheap, effective transmission
Same as used already on phones
Already optimized for low power consumption

For Consumers

Single number for home and mobile calls
Calls through wireless LAN's, can deploy your own home coverage
Greatly reduced roaming charges
One provider for home internet and cell phone coverage

For Providers

Deploying Wi-Fi hotspots is cheaper than deploying WAN's
Reduces load on cellular networks, shifting some burden to internet infrastructure
Able to shift calls onto the cheaper internet infrastructure

Disadvantages

UMA-compatible handsets are more expensive and less common
UMA-enabled phones require two active transceivers to handle seamless call-switching
Despite all this, it's still not as cheap as straightforward VOIP protocols

UMA Deployment

Wireless Control System gives support to standalone Access Points and also Wireless LAN Controller
Wireless Control System also provides statistics on calls being made, WiFi Channel performance and coverage planning
Access Points improve call quality and WiFi channel capacity to phones which are unable to to support 802.11 1n protocol