01-08-2012, 11:36 AM
BRAIN-MACHINE INTERFACE
[attachment=29810]
Abstract
1.A brain-machine interface is a
communication system that does
not depend on the brains normal
output pathways of peripheral
nerves and muscles.
2.BMI needs no mechanical
human organ to Communicate,
it directly links brain to the
machines outside using
BIO-ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY of the Brain.
These are electronic interfaces
with the brain, which has the
ability to send and receive signals
from the brain
QUOTE:-“While linking the
brain directly with machines was
Once considered science
fiction, advances over the past
few years have made it
increasingly viable”.eg:- Man with BMI
1.INTRODUCTION:-
“ A Brain-Machine Interface
(BMI) is an attempt to mesh our
minds with machines. It is a
communication channel from a
human's brain to a computer”
‘BMI as knowledge implant’
BMI in various fields:-
1.Education,
2.Defence ,
3.Hospitals , Etc.
3.Device Implant:-
The EEG is recorded with
electrodes, which are placed on
the scalp. Electrodes are small
plates, which conduct electricity.
They provide the electrical contact
between the skin and the EEG
recording apparatus.
4.SIGNAL PROCESSING
Signal process using
1.MULTI
CHANNEL ACQUISITION
SYSTEM:
The voltage gain improves
Signal to-noise ratio (SNR) by
Reducing the relevance of
electrical noise Incurred in later
stages. Processed signals are
time-division multiplexed and
sampled.
2.SPIKE DETECTION:
Spike detection can further
reduce the data rate if spike
counts are transmitted instead of
spike waveforms.
5.Analysis & Transmission
Signal Analysis
Feature extraction and
classification of EEG are dealt in
this section. In this stage, certain
features are extracted from the
preprocessed and digitized EEG
signal. In the simplest form a certain
frequency range is selected and the
amplitude relative to some reference
level measured . Typically the features
are frequency content of the EEG
signal) can be calculated.
for example by ,
Fourier Transform (FT function). Etc
Transmission to
External device:
The classifier’s output is the input
for the device control. The device
control simply transforms the
classification to a particular
action.
The action can be, e.g., tying the lace of shoe.
6.Applications & 7.Challenges:-
APPLICATIONS:
The BMI technologies of
today can be broken into
three major areas:
1. Auditory and visual prosthesis
- Brainstem implants
- Synthetic vision
- Artificial silicon retina
2. Functional-neuromuscular stimulation (FNS)
3. Prosthetic limb control
- Thought controlled motorized wheel chair.
- Thought controlled prosthetic arm for amputee.
- Various neuroprosthetic devices
CHALLENGES:
1.Connecting to the nervous
system could lead to
permanent brain damage,
resulting in the loss of feelings or
movement, or continual pain.
2. In the networked brain condition –what will mean to be human?
3.Virus attacks may occur to
brain causing ill effects.
8.FUTURE EXPANSION:-
A hope ,in fact a tool
to severely disabled
people like Paralyzed ,
accidental Etc.
Linking people with
chips seems unnatural
but they may called as
Super Humen
(Cybrogs).
These cybrogs will look down
upon Humen, who In their
sight have yet to evolve.
Will people want to have
their heads opened and wired?
Technology moves in
light speed now. In that
accelerated future, today’s hot
neural interface could become
tomorrow’s neuro trash.
Will you need to learn any
Math if you can call up a
Computer merely by your
thoughts?
Thought communication will place
telephones firmly in the history
Books.
9.CONCLUSION:-
1. “If by some more advanced
technology in future, if at all we
were able to save the brains in a
good working condition then
thinking, thoughts and innovation
may become immortal !”.
“No more handicap people
(Synthetic arms, legs, eye,
sensitive skin etc.) !”
3. BMI’s will have the ability to
give people back their vision and
hearing.
4. Is someone with a synthetic
eye, less a person than someone
without? Shall we process signals
like ultraviolet, X-rays, or
Ultrasounds as robots do?
These questions will not be
answered in the near future,but at
some time they will have to be
answered. What an interesting
day that will be….
[attachment=29810]
Abstract
1.A brain-machine interface is a
communication system that does
not depend on the brains normal
output pathways of peripheral
nerves and muscles.
2.BMI needs no mechanical
human organ to Communicate,
it directly links brain to the
machines outside using
BIO-ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY of the Brain.
These are electronic interfaces
with the brain, which has the
ability to send and receive signals
from the brain
QUOTE:-“While linking the
brain directly with machines was
Once considered science
fiction, advances over the past
few years have made it
increasingly viable”.eg:- Man with BMI
1.INTRODUCTION:-
“ A Brain-Machine Interface
(BMI) is an attempt to mesh our
minds with machines. It is a
communication channel from a
human's brain to a computer”
‘BMI as knowledge implant’
BMI in various fields:-
1.Education,
2.Defence ,
3.Hospitals , Etc.
3.Device Implant:-
The EEG is recorded with
electrodes, which are placed on
the scalp. Electrodes are small
plates, which conduct electricity.
They provide the electrical contact
between the skin and the EEG
recording apparatus.
4.SIGNAL PROCESSING
Signal process using
1.MULTI
CHANNEL ACQUISITION
SYSTEM:
The voltage gain improves
Signal to-noise ratio (SNR) by
Reducing the relevance of
electrical noise Incurred in later
stages. Processed signals are
time-division multiplexed and
sampled.
2.SPIKE DETECTION:
Spike detection can further
reduce the data rate if spike
counts are transmitted instead of
spike waveforms.
5.Analysis & Transmission
Signal Analysis
Feature extraction and
classification of EEG are dealt in
this section. In this stage, certain
features are extracted from the
preprocessed and digitized EEG
signal. In the simplest form a certain
frequency range is selected and the
amplitude relative to some reference
level measured . Typically the features
are frequency content of the EEG
signal) can be calculated.
for example by ,
Fourier Transform (FT function). Etc
Transmission to
External device:
The classifier’s output is the input
for the device control. The device
control simply transforms the
classification to a particular
action.
The action can be, e.g., tying the lace of shoe.
6.Applications & 7.Challenges:-
APPLICATIONS:
The BMI technologies of
today can be broken into
three major areas:
1. Auditory and visual prosthesis
- Brainstem implants
- Synthetic vision
- Artificial silicon retina
2. Functional-neuromuscular stimulation (FNS)
3. Prosthetic limb control
- Thought controlled motorized wheel chair.
- Thought controlled prosthetic arm for amputee.
- Various neuroprosthetic devices
CHALLENGES:
1.Connecting to the nervous
system could lead to
permanent brain damage,
resulting in the loss of feelings or
movement, or continual pain.
2. In the networked brain condition –what will mean to be human?
3.Virus attacks may occur to
brain causing ill effects.
8.FUTURE EXPANSION:-
A hope ,in fact a tool
to severely disabled
people like Paralyzed ,
accidental Etc.
Linking people with
chips seems unnatural
but they may called as
Super Humen
(Cybrogs).
These cybrogs will look down
upon Humen, who In their
sight have yet to evolve.
Will people want to have
their heads opened and wired?
Technology moves in
light speed now. In that
accelerated future, today’s hot
neural interface could become
tomorrow’s neuro trash.
Will you need to learn any
Math if you can call up a
Computer merely by your
thoughts?
Thought communication will place
telephones firmly in the history
Books.
9.CONCLUSION:-
1. “If by some more advanced
technology in future, if at all we
were able to save the brains in a
good working condition then
thinking, thoughts and innovation
may become immortal !”.
“No more handicap people
(Synthetic arms, legs, eye,
sensitive skin etc.) !”
3. BMI’s will have the ability to
give people back their vision and
hearing.
4. Is someone with a synthetic
eye, less a person than someone
without? Shall we process signals
like ultraviolet, X-rays, or
Ultrasounds as robots do?
These questions will not be
answered in the near future,but at
some time they will have to be
answered. What an interesting
day that will be….