28-08-2012, 12:14 PM
Camera Pill Endoscopy
[attachment=32900]
Abstract
“Camera Pill” or Capsule endoscopy, is a new diagnostic tool that permits a direct visual examination of the
small intestine, an area of the body not previously accessible using upper endoscopy from above or
colonoscopy from below. The pill, known as the M2A Capsule Endoscopy, is about the size of a multivitamin
and is swallowed with a sip of water. The pill is made of specially sealed biocompatible material that is
resistant to stomach acid and powerful digestive enzymes and thus every care is taken such that the caps will
not rupture or burst. Its non-invasive diagnostic alternative that is relatively quick, easy, office based test that
will encourage people to see their doctors to get checked for diseases"
Capsule endoscopy helps your doctor evaluate the small intestine. This part of the bowel cannot be reached by
traditional upper endoscopy or by colonoscopy. The most common reason for doing capsule endoscopy is to
search for a cause of bleeding from the small intestine. It may also be useful for detecting polyps,
inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease), ulcers, and tumors of the small intestine.
INTRODUCTION
The pill (developed at university of Washington)
consists of 7optical fibers,one for illumination and
the rest six for collecting light. once swallowed,
electric current flows through the pill that causes
the encased fibers to bounce back and forth such
that its electronic eye would be able to scan the GI
tract. The tip will iluminate red, green and blue
laser light helping in visuality, all this processing
together combined will give us two-dimensional
picture helping in diagnosis.The images can be
retrieved from the recording device worn around
patient's waist as a belt.(2)
All this is about the technical side, but how about
the patient compliance? at the end of the day,
'WE' are all here to make patient more
comfortable..Yup, the patient is comfortable and
convenient to swallow this large vitamin sized pill
that can be taken with a mouthful of water.
HISTORY:
Endoscopy means looking inside and typically
refers to looking inside the body for medical
reasons using an endoscope Unlike most other
medical imaging devices, endoscopes are inserted
directly into the organ. Endoscopy can also refer to
using a borescope
An endoscope is a flexible camera that travels into
the body's cavities to directly investigate the
digestive tract, colon or throat. These tools are
long, flexible cords about 9 mm wide, about the
width of a human fingernail. Because the cord is so
wide patients must be sedated during the scan. The
tiny camera is like swallowing a pill attached to a
string.
The camera's 1.4-mm-thick tether allows the doctor
to move the camera around and pull it back up once
the five- or 10-minute test is finished.
CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY:
The procedure, called
capsule endoscopy, has proven to be effective in
aiding diagnosis of previously undetectable
abnormalities in the small intestine that commonly
result in gastrointestinal bleeding
Capsule Endoscopy lets your doctor examine the
lining of the middle part of your gastrointestinal
tract, which includes the three portions of the small
intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). Your doctor
will give you a pill sized video camera for you to
swallow. This camera has its own light source and
takes pictures of your small intestine as it passes
through. These pictures are sent to a small
recording device you have to wear on your body.
Your doctor will be able to view these pictures at a
later time and might be able to provide you with
useful information regarding your small intestine.
PROCEDURE:
You will get a belt with a recorder to wear it
around your waist. You will swallow a camera that
will enter your bowel and take over 50,000 pictures
of the inside layer (mucosa) of your small intestine.
Pictures will be continuously sending via wireless
route (radio waves) to the recorder for 8 hours. You
will not be allowed to run or exercise during this
time but you will be able to freely walk around.
Two hours after swallowing the camera, you will
be allowed to start to drink and after four hours to
eat. When the camera will enter the large intestine
it will still take some time (12 to 72 hours but
usually within 24 hours after swallowing) to be
excreted with the stool. You will not need to return
a camera to the doctor.
No fluid is taken for at least 2 hours and no food
for a further 4 hours after swallowing the
capsule. Oral medications can be taken after 2
hours if required.
Receiver/Recorder Unit:
In order for the images obtained and transmitted by
the capsule endoscope to be useful, they must be
received and recorded for study. Patients
undergoing capsule endoscopy wear an antenna
array consisting of 8 leads that are , connected by
wires to the recording unit, worn in standard
locations over the abdomen, as dictated by a
template for lead placement. The antenna array is
very similar concept and practice to the multiple
leads that must be affixed to the chest of patients
undergoing standard 12-lead electrocardiography.
The antenna array and battery pack can be worn
under regular clothing. The recording device to
which the leads are attached is capable of recording
the thousands of images transmitted by the capsule
and received by the antenna array.
Ambulatory(non-vigorous) patient movement
doesn’t interfere with image acquisition and
recording. A typical capsule endoscopy
examination takes approximately 7 hours.
Computer Workstation:
Once the patient has completed the endoscopy
examination, the antenna array and recording
device are returned to the health care provider. The
recording device is then attached to a specially
modified to a computer workstation, and the entire
examination is downloaded into the computer,
where it becomes available to the physician as a
digital video.
TYPES O F CAMERA PILLS:
The reason is that camera only takes about three or
four seconds to make its way through the
esophagus – producing two to four images per
second – and once it reaches the stomach, its
roughly five-gram weight causes it to drop very
quickly to the lower wall of the stomach. In other
words, it is too fast to deliver usable images. For
examinations of the esophagus and the stomach,
therefore, patients still have to swallow a rather
thick endoscope.
Sankt Ingbert have developed the first-ever control
system for the camera pill. “In future, doctors will
be able to stop the camera in the esophagus, move
it up and down and turn it, and thus adjust the angle
of the camera as required,” says IBMT team leader
Dr. Frank Volke
Conclusions:
In this study capsule endoscopy was
superior to push enteroscopy in the
diagnosis of recurrent bleeding in patients
who had a negative gastroscopy and
colonoscopy. It was safe and well
tolerated
Wireless capsule endoscopy represents a
significant technical breakthrough for the
investigation of the small bowel,
especially in light of the shortcomings of
other available techniques to image this
region.
The capsule endoscopy seems best suited to
patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of
unclear etiology who have had
nondiagnostic traditional testing and in
whom the distal small bowel(beyond
reach of a push enteroscope) needs to be
visualized
[attachment=32900]
Abstract
“Camera Pill” or Capsule endoscopy, is a new diagnostic tool that permits a direct visual examination of the
small intestine, an area of the body not previously accessible using upper endoscopy from above or
colonoscopy from below. The pill, known as the M2A Capsule Endoscopy, is about the size of a multivitamin
and is swallowed with a sip of water. The pill is made of specially sealed biocompatible material that is
resistant to stomach acid and powerful digestive enzymes and thus every care is taken such that the caps will
not rupture or burst. Its non-invasive diagnostic alternative that is relatively quick, easy, office based test that
will encourage people to see their doctors to get checked for diseases"
Capsule endoscopy helps your doctor evaluate the small intestine. This part of the bowel cannot be reached by
traditional upper endoscopy or by colonoscopy. The most common reason for doing capsule endoscopy is to
search for a cause of bleeding from the small intestine. It may also be useful for detecting polyps,
inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease), ulcers, and tumors of the small intestine.
INTRODUCTION
The pill (developed at university of Washington)
consists of 7optical fibers,one for illumination and
the rest six for collecting light. once swallowed,
electric current flows through the pill that causes
the encased fibers to bounce back and forth such
that its electronic eye would be able to scan the GI
tract. The tip will iluminate red, green and blue
laser light helping in visuality, all this processing
together combined will give us two-dimensional
picture helping in diagnosis.The images can be
retrieved from the recording device worn around
patient's waist as a belt.(2)
All this is about the technical side, but how about
the patient compliance? at the end of the day,
'WE' are all here to make patient more
comfortable..Yup, the patient is comfortable and
convenient to swallow this large vitamin sized pill
that can be taken with a mouthful of water.
HISTORY:
Endoscopy means looking inside and typically
refers to looking inside the body for medical
reasons using an endoscope Unlike most other
medical imaging devices, endoscopes are inserted
directly into the organ. Endoscopy can also refer to
using a borescope
An endoscope is a flexible camera that travels into
the body's cavities to directly investigate the
digestive tract, colon or throat. These tools are
long, flexible cords about 9 mm wide, about the
width of a human fingernail. Because the cord is so
wide patients must be sedated during the scan. The
tiny camera is like swallowing a pill attached to a
string.
The camera's 1.4-mm-thick tether allows the doctor
to move the camera around and pull it back up once
the five- or 10-minute test is finished.
CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY:
The procedure, called
capsule endoscopy, has proven to be effective in
aiding diagnosis of previously undetectable
abnormalities in the small intestine that commonly
result in gastrointestinal bleeding
Capsule Endoscopy lets your doctor examine the
lining of the middle part of your gastrointestinal
tract, which includes the three portions of the small
intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum). Your doctor
will give you a pill sized video camera for you to
swallow. This camera has its own light source and
takes pictures of your small intestine as it passes
through. These pictures are sent to a small
recording device you have to wear on your body.
Your doctor will be able to view these pictures at a
later time and might be able to provide you with
useful information regarding your small intestine.
PROCEDURE:
You will get a belt with a recorder to wear it
around your waist. You will swallow a camera that
will enter your bowel and take over 50,000 pictures
of the inside layer (mucosa) of your small intestine.
Pictures will be continuously sending via wireless
route (radio waves) to the recorder for 8 hours. You
will not be allowed to run or exercise during this
time but you will be able to freely walk around.
Two hours after swallowing the camera, you will
be allowed to start to drink and after four hours to
eat. When the camera will enter the large intestine
it will still take some time (12 to 72 hours but
usually within 24 hours after swallowing) to be
excreted with the stool. You will not need to return
a camera to the doctor.
No fluid is taken for at least 2 hours and no food
for a further 4 hours after swallowing the
capsule. Oral medications can be taken after 2
hours if required.
Receiver/Recorder Unit:
In order for the images obtained and transmitted by
the capsule endoscope to be useful, they must be
received and recorded for study. Patients
undergoing capsule endoscopy wear an antenna
array consisting of 8 leads that are , connected by
wires to the recording unit, worn in standard
locations over the abdomen, as dictated by a
template for lead placement. The antenna array is
very similar concept and practice to the multiple
leads that must be affixed to the chest of patients
undergoing standard 12-lead electrocardiography.
The antenna array and battery pack can be worn
under regular clothing. The recording device to
which the leads are attached is capable of recording
the thousands of images transmitted by the capsule
and received by the antenna array.
Ambulatory(non-vigorous) patient movement
doesn’t interfere with image acquisition and
recording. A typical capsule endoscopy
examination takes approximately 7 hours.
Computer Workstation:
Once the patient has completed the endoscopy
examination, the antenna array and recording
device are returned to the health care provider. The
recording device is then attached to a specially
modified to a computer workstation, and the entire
examination is downloaded into the computer,
where it becomes available to the physician as a
digital video.
TYPES O F CAMERA PILLS:
The reason is that camera only takes about three or
four seconds to make its way through the
esophagus – producing two to four images per
second – and once it reaches the stomach, its
roughly five-gram weight causes it to drop very
quickly to the lower wall of the stomach. In other
words, it is too fast to deliver usable images. For
examinations of the esophagus and the stomach,
therefore, patients still have to swallow a rather
thick endoscope.
Sankt Ingbert have developed the first-ever control
system for the camera pill. “In future, doctors will
be able to stop the camera in the esophagus, move
it up and down and turn it, and thus adjust the angle
of the camera as required,” says IBMT team leader
Dr. Frank Volke
Conclusions:
In this study capsule endoscopy was
superior to push enteroscopy in the
diagnosis of recurrent bleeding in patients
who had a negative gastroscopy and
colonoscopy. It was safe and well
tolerated
Wireless capsule endoscopy represents a
significant technical breakthrough for the
investigation of the small bowel,
especially in light of the shortcomings of
other available techniques to image this
region.
The capsule endoscopy seems best suited to
patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of
unclear etiology who have had
nondiagnostic traditional testing and in
whom the distal small bowel(beyond
reach of a push enteroscope) needs to be
visualized