03-09-2012, 12:09 PM
CHEMISTRY IN EVERY DAY LIFE
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Introduction & classification of drugs
• The chemicals of low molecular masses ranging from 100 to 500U that react with macromolecular
targets to produce a biological response are called “Drugs”.
• Eg: Antihistamine drugs, Analgesic drugs, Antipyretic drugs etc.
• The drug that produces biological response therapeutically and that are useful in diagnosis, prevention
and treatment of diseases are known as medicines.
• Eg: Paracetamol, Aspirin, Ibuprofen etc.
• Drugs are the chemical substances which react with macromolecular targets and produce biological
response.
• Medicines are the drugs with therapeutic use and they react with macromolecular targets and produce
biological responses which are useful in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases.
• Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy.
NONNARCOTIC ANALGESICS
• Non-narcotic analgesics are used to relieve mild pains like headache, back ache etc.,.
• These are non-addictive and generally do not produce toxic effects.
• Compounds of salicylic acid, aniline, phenol, pyrazole, quinoline etc are used as non-narcotic drugs
• Some of these act as antiinflammatory and anti pyretics also.
• Some of these prevent clotting of blood.
• Aspirin, ibuprofen are important non-narcotic analgesics.
• Aspirin inhibits platelet function and minimizes myocordial problems.
• Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins that stimulate inflammation and causes pain.
• Iboprofen is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
• It stops acute flares.
• Ibuprofen is -methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl) benzene acetic acid
ANTIBIOTICS :
• Antibiotics prevent the growth of microorganism.
• These antibiotics are generated by the microorganisms which prevent the growth (or) kill the other
microorganisms.
• Antibiotic is a product of metabolism
• Synthetic antibiotics are produced from chemicals which in low concentrations kill or prevent the growth
of microorganisms.
• Antibiotcs are two types
• If they kill bacteria, they are called bactericidals.
• Eg: Penicillin, aminoglycosides and ofloxacin etc.
• If they inhibit growth of bacteria, they are called bacteriostatics
• Eg: Erthromycin,tetracycline, chloramphenecol etc.
• Ampicillin and amoxicillin are semi synthetic modifications of penicillin
• They are used for penicillin sensitive patients.
• Penicillin, benzyl penicillin, para hydroxy benzyl penicilin, chloramphenicol, sulphadiazine etc., are
important antibiotics.
• The molecular formula of penicillin is C9H11O4N2SR
• Broad spectrum antibiotics attack on complete range of microorganisms
• Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic.
• Sulphadiazine is a sulpha drug.
• Antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs
[attachment=33176]
Introduction & classification of drugs
• The chemicals of low molecular masses ranging from 100 to 500U that react with macromolecular
targets to produce a biological response are called “Drugs”.
• Eg: Antihistamine drugs, Analgesic drugs, Antipyretic drugs etc.
• The drug that produces biological response therapeutically and that are useful in diagnosis, prevention
and treatment of diseases are known as medicines.
• Eg: Paracetamol, Aspirin, Ibuprofen etc.
• Drugs are the chemical substances which react with macromolecular targets and produce biological
response.
• Medicines are the drugs with therapeutic use and they react with macromolecular targets and produce
biological responses which are useful in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases.
• Use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy.
NONNARCOTIC ANALGESICS
• Non-narcotic analgesics are used to relieve mild pains like headache, back ache etc.,.
• These are non-addictive and generally do not produce toxic effects.
• Compounds of salicylic acid, aniline, phenol, pyrazole, quinoline etc are used as non-narcotic drugs
• Some of these act as antiinflammatory and anti pyretics also.
• Some of these prevent clotting of blood.
• Aspirin, ibuprofen are important non-narcotic analgesics.
• Aspirin inhibits platelet function and minimizes myocordial problems.
• Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins that stimulate inflammation and causes pain.
• Iboprofen is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
• It stops acute flares.
• Ibuprofen is -methyl-4-(2-methylpropyl) benzene acetic acid
ANTIBIOTICS :
• Antibiotics prevent the growth of microorganism.
• These antibiotics are generated by the microorganisms which prevent the growth (or) kill the other
microorganisms.
• Antibiotic is a product of metabolism
• Synthetic antibiotics are produced from chemicals which in low concentrations kill or prevent the growth
of microorganisms.
• Antibiotcs are two types
• If they kill bacteria, they are called bactericidals.
• Eg: Penicillin, aminoglycosides and ofloxacin etc.
• If they inhibit growth of bacteria, they are called bacteriostatics
• Eg: Erthromycin,tetracycline, chloramphenecol etc.
• Ampicillin and amoxicillin are semi synthetic modifications of penicillin
• They are used for penicillin sensitive patients.
• Penicillin, benzyl penicillin, para hydroxy benzyl penicilin, chloramphenicol, sulphadiazine etc., are
important antibiotics.
• The molecular formula of penicillin is C9H11O4N2SR
• Broad spectrum antibiotics attack on complete range of microorganisms
• Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic.
• Sulphadiazine is a sulpha drug.
• Antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs