29-09-2012, 03:45 PM
NANO RADIO
[attachment=34837]
Abstract
The nano radio is a remarkable break through development that will that have wide ranging repercussions in multi various fields from the detailed study of body living cells sensor applications, drug delivery to cancer affected cells ,control device small enough to exist in a human’s blood stream, and of course playing music and favorite songs and many more applications.
Nano radio is a fully functional, fully integrated radio receiver from a single walled nano tube. The nano tube serves simultaneously as all essential components of a radio: antenna, tunable band pass filter, amplifier and demodulator. A direct current voltage source as applied by a battery powers the radio. Using the carrier waves in the commercially 40-400 MHz range and both frequency and modulated techniques it demonstrated successfully.
Introduction:
Radio has had a profound applications on civilization from its early use in critical communications such as with ships at sea , to its later use during the “golden age “ of radio in the 1930’s as a mass medium for news and entertainment, and finally to it’s more recent use in cellular phones and wireless computer networks and the global positioning system. Historically applications of radio have been tightly linked to available technology. Early spark gap receivers were only capable of receiving on – off signals such as morse -code. Vacume tube technology enabled cheap and reliable audio communication .Perhaps more strikingly the solid state transistor transformed the radio from a bulky, power hungry and stationary unit to a device that could be carried in a shirt pocket. To day the same silicon based technology that gave us the transistor is fast approaching hard physical limits , and it is expected that future progress will require new nano scale materials such as carbon nano tubes.Combining the many of the unique electrical and mechanical properties of the carbon nano tubes a fully functions radio receiver have fabricated ,orders of magnitude smaller than previous radios from a single carbon nano tube. The carbon nao tube radio may lead to radical new applications such as radio controlled devices small enough to exist ina human’s bloodstream or simply smaller cheaper and more efficient wireless devices.
Nano radio:
A nano radio is a carbon nano tube anchored to an electrode, with a second electrode just beyond its free end. A direct current voltage source such as from a battery is connected to the electrodes and powers the radio. When a voltage is applied between the Electrodes , electrons flow from a battery through the nano tube jumping off its tip to the positive electrode . A radio wave alternately attracts and repells the nano tube tip, causing it to vibrate it in sync. When the tip is farther from the electrode, fewer electrons bridge the gap: the varying electrical signal recovers the audio signal encoded by the radio wave.
Operation:
The amplification and demodulation stages rely on the remarkable field emission properties of carbon nano tubes which are due in large part to their needle –point geometry that concentrates the electric field . The dc bias voltage applied across the electrodes produces a nominally constant field emission current . Mechanical vibrations of the nano tube modulate the field emission current which then serves as the easily detected electrical signal.Because the battery voltage source rather than the incoming electro magnetic wave powers the field emission current amplification of the radio signal is possible. Also due to nonlinearities inherent in field emission, demodulation of the radio signal occurs as well. Thus all four essential components of a radio receiver are compactly and efficiently
implemented by the vibrating and field emitting nano tube.
Radio based drug delivery vehicles
Nano radio attatched to tiny chemical sensors could be implemented in the blood vessels of patients with diabetis or other deseases.If the sensor detect an abnormal level of insulin or some other target compound ,the transmitter could then relay the information to a detector , or perhaps even to an implanted drug reservoir that could release insulin or another therapeutic on cue.
Drug containing capsules equipped with nano radios home to cancer cells and relese their payloads on receipt of a signal from outside the patient’s body.
The nano radio which is currently configured as a receiver but also could work as a transmitter, is 100 billion times smaller than the first commercial radios , and could be used in any number of applications – from cell phone to micro scopic devices that sense the environment and relay information via radio signals . Because it is extremely energy efficient , it would integrate well with micro electronic circuts.
Conclusion:
Nano radio has exciting application areasand opens many possibilities of applications from treating malignant cancer cells, to studying the body cell functions home pregnancy resting kits, hearing aids ,cell phones , I phones and many moreyet to come in future . Continuous research and development are carried out by many firms and universities through out the world.
[attachment=34837]
Abstract
The nano radio is a remarkable break through development that will that have wide ranging repercussions in multi various fields from the detailed study of body living cells sensor applications, drug delivery to cancer affected cells ,control device small enough to exist in a human’s blood stream, and of course playing music and favorite songs and many more applications.
Nano radio is a fully functional, fully integrated radio receiver from a single walled nano tube. The nano tube serves simultaneously as all essential components of a radio: antenna, tunable band pass filter, amplifier and demodulator. A direct current voltage source as applied by a battery powers the radio. Using the carrier waves in the commercially 40-400 MHz range and both frequency and modulated techniques it demonstrated successfully.
Introduction:
Radio has had a profound applications on civilization from its early use in critical communications such as with ships at sea , to its later use during the “golden age “ of radio in the 1930’s as a mass medium for news and entertainment, and finally to it’s more recent use in cellular phones and wireless computer networks and the global positioning system. Historically applications of radio have been tightly linked to available technology. Early spark gap receivers were only capable of receiving on – off signals such as morse -code. Vacume tube technology enabled cheap and reliable audio communication .Perhaps more strikingly the solid state transistor transformed the radio from a bulky, power hungry and stationary unit to a device that could be carried in a shirt pocket. To day the same silicon based technology that gave us the transistor is fast approaching hard physical limits , and it is expected that future progress will require new nano scale materials such as carbon nano tubes.Combining the many of the unique electrical and mechanical properties of the carbon nano tubes a fully functions radio receiver have fabricated ,orders of magnitude smaller than previous radios from a single carbon nano tube. The carbon nao tube radio may lead to radical new applications such as radio controlled devices small enough to exist ina human’s bloodstream or simply smaller cheaper and more efficient wireless devices.
Nano radio:
A nano radio is a carbon nano tube anchored to an electrode, with a second electrode just beyond its free end. A direct current voltage source such as from a battery is connected to the electrodes and powers the radio. When a voltage is applied between the Electrodes , electrons flow from a battery through the nano tube jumping off its tip to the positive electrode . A radio wave alternately attracts and repells the nano tube tip, causing it to vibrate it in sync. When the tip is farther from the electrode, fewer electrons bridge the gap: the varying electrical signal recovers the audio signal encoded by the radio wave.
Operation:
The amplification and demodulation stages rely on the remarkable field emission properties of carbon nano tubes which are due in large part to their needle –point geometry that concentrates the electric field . The dc bias voltage applied across the electrodes produces a nominally constant field emission current . Mechanical vibrations of the nano tube modulate the field emission current which then serves as the easily detected electrical signal.Because the battery voltage source rather than the incoming electro magnetic wave powers the field emission current amplification of the radio signal is possible. Also due to nonlinearities inherent in field emission, demodulation of the radio signal occurs as well. Thus all four essential components of a radio receiver are compactly and efficiently
implemented by the vibrating and field emitting nano tube.
Radio based drug delivery vehicles
Nano radio attatched to tiny chemical sensors could be implemented in the blood vessels of patients with diabetis or other deseases.If the sensor detect an abnormal level of insulin or some other target compound ,the transmitter could then relay the information to a detector , or perhaps even to an implanted drug reservoir that could release insulin or another therapeutic on cue.
Drug containing capsules equipped with nano radios home to cancer cells and relese their payloads on receipt of a signal from outside the patient’s body.
The nano radio which is currently configured as a receiver but also could work as a transmitter, is 100 billion times smaller than the first commercial radios , and could be used in any number of applications – from cell phone to micro scopic devices that sense the environment and relay information via radio signals . Because it is extremely energy efficient , it would integrate well with micro electronic circuts.
Conclusion:
Nano radio has exciting application areasand opens many possibilities of applications from treating malignant cancer cells, to studying the body cell functions home pregnancy resting kits, hearing aids ,cell phones , I phones and many moreyet to come in future . Continuous research and development are carried out by many firms and universities through out the world.