02-10-2012, 03:00 PM
Intelligent Transport Systems and CALM
[attachment=35033]
Intelligent Transport Systems
Imagine a future in which cars will be able
to foresee and avoid collisions, navigate the
quickest route to their destination, making
use of up-to-the-minute traffic reports,
identify the nearest available parking slot
and minimize their carbon emissions.
Indeed, imagine a future where cars can
largely drive themselves, leaving their
passengers to use the free time to watch
the sports game on live TV.
All of these possibilities already exist within
the laboratories of car manufacturers and
some are already available commercially.
But they rely on communications links that
must be increasingly high-capacity and long
range to deal with the full range of
requirements of future transport users. The
generic technology they use is called
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
ITS may be defined as systems utilizing a
combination of computers, communications,
positioning and automation technologies to
use available data to improve the safety,
management and efficiency of terrestrial
transport, and to reduce environmental
impact 1 .
The standards challenge
The requirement for future standards in the
ITS field is to be able to provide multiple
services, over multiple different platforms,
that will work in different countries (as
vehicles can easily cross borders), while
maintaining a simple-to-use interface that
requires minimum intervention from the
driver. Indeed, these challenges are similar
to those faced by Next-Generation
Networks (NGN). However, the safety
requirements associated with fast-moving
vehicles make this challenge all the more
rigorous.
Implications for ITU
Given the broad scope of the CALM project,
which interfaces with virtually all
commercially-available wireless interfaces,
it is likely that it will have much wider
ramifications for ITU’s work notably
touching upon ITU-T Study Groups 13 (NGN)
and 16 (Multimedia) as well as Study Group
12 (Performance and QoS) to which the
FITCAR Focus Group reports (See Box 2).
The automotive sector represents a huge
opportunity for ITU-T because the annual
value of R&D in the sector was around
USD 70 billion in 2005 compared with just
USD 5.4 billion in telecommunications
A closer look at CALM
CALM is intended to provide a standardized set of air interface protocols for ITS applications, using
multiple network platforms. These include:
• 2G mobile systems, including GSM/GPRS, which are the most widely deployed mobile network
worldwide
• 3G (IMT-2000) mobile systems, including W-CDMA and CDMA 1x EVDO
• Infrared
• Wireless LAN systems, including the IEEE 802.11 series
• Millimetre wave systems, including radar
• DSRC, including national and regional implementations
• Wireless MAN systems, including WiMAX
• Broadcast signals, including GPS and Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
• Personal Area Networks (PAN) including UWB and Bluetooth
• Fixed-line networks (for infrastructure to infrastructure communications), including Fibre and
Ethernet.
The main criticism of CALM is that, because it tries to support so many different networks, it ends up
with a bewildering array of possibilities and an over-complex management stack. However, if CALM is
to reconcile the North American-originated WAVE standards, the European C2C-CC standards and the
Japanese implementation of DSRC, then it will have to accommodate, for instance, non-IP
communications for short-range use. But while the overall enabling architecture for CALM is complex,
only a subset will be implemented in any given vehicle, so it is not as daunting as perhaps it first
seems. The likely future direction seems to be a flexible CALM architecture and a division of labour
among different organizations, with ETSI, for instance, working on test suites while basic research and
testing is being carried out by an EU-financed research project, Cooperative Vehicular Infrastructure
Systems (CVIS)10, together with sister projects SafeSpot and Coopers. This is reflected in the new
(2007) merged CALM architecture.
[attachment=35033]
Intelligent Transport Systems
Imagine a future in which cars will be able
to foresee and avoid collisions, navigate the
quickest route to their destination, making
use of up-to-the-minute traffic reports,
identify the nearest available parking slot
and minimize their carbon emissions.
Indeed, imagine a future where cars can
largely drive themselves, leaving their
passengers to use the free time to watch
the sports game on live TV.
All of these possibilities already exist within
the laboratories of car manufacturers and
some are already available commercially.
But they rely on communications links that
must be increasingly high-capacity and long
range to deal with the full range of
requirements of future transport users. The
generic technology they use is called
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
ITS may be defined as systems utilizing a
combination of computers, communications,
positioning and automation technologies to
use available data to improve the safety,
management and efficiency of terrestrial
transport, and to reduce environmental
impact 1 .
The standards challenge
The requirement for future standards in the
ITS field is to be able to provide multiple
services, over multiple different platforms,
that will work in different countries (as
vehicles can easily cross borders), while
maintaining a simple-to-use interface that
requires minimum intervention from the
driver. Indeed, these challenges are similar
to those faced by Next-Generation
Networks (NGN). However, the safety
requirements associated with fast-moving
vehicles make this challenge all the more
rigorous.
Implications for ITU
Given the broad scope of the CALM project,
which interfaces with virtually all
commercially-available wireless interfaces,
it is likely that it will have much wider
ramifications for ITU’s work notably
touching upon ITU-T Study Groups 13 (NGN)
and 16 (Multimedia) as well as Study Group
12 (Performance and QoS) to which the
FITCAR Focus Group reports (See Box 2).
The automotive sector represents a huge
opportunity for ITU-T because the annual
value of R&D in the sector was around
USD 70 billion in 2005 compared with just
USD 5.4 billion in telecommunications
A closer look at CALM
CALM is intended to provide a standardized set of air interface protocols for ITS applications, using
multiple network platforms. These include:
• 2G mobile systems, including GSM/GPRS, which are the most widely deployed mobile network
worldwide
• 3G (IMT-2000) mobile systems, including W-CDMA and CDMA 1x EVDO
• Infrared
• Wireless LAN systems, including the IEEE 802.11 series
• Millimetre wave systems, including radar
• DSRC, including national and regional implementations
• Wireless MAN systems, including WiMAX
• Broadcast signals, including GPS and Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
• Personal Area Networks (PAN) including UWB and Bluetooth
• Fixed-line networks (for infrastructure to infrastructure communications), including Fibre and
Ethernet.
The main criticism of CALM is that, because it tries to support so many different networks, it ends up
with a bewildering array of possibilities and an over-complex management stack. However, if CALM is
to reconcile the North American-originated WAVE standards, the European C2C-CC standards and the
Japanese implementation of DSRC, then it will have to accommodate, for instance, non-IP
communications for short-range use. But while the overall enabling architecture for CALM is complex,
only a subset will be implemented in any given vehicle, so it is not as daunting as perhaps it first
seems. The likely future direction seems to be a flexible CALM architecture and a division of labour
among different organizations, with ETSI, for instance, working on test suites while basic research and
testing is being carried out by an EU-financed research project, Cooperative Vehicular Infrastructure
Systems (CVIS)10, together with sister projects SafeSpot and Coopers. This is reflected in the new
(2007) merged CALM architecture.