27-10-2012, 05:25 PM
An Intelligent Traffic Llight System
[attachment=37202]
INTRODUCTION:
• The aim of the project is to solve traffic congestion which is a severe problem in many modern cities all over the world.
• To solve the problem, we have designed a framework for a automatic traffic light control system and developed a simulation model with codes in to help build the system on hardware.
• Generally, each traffic light on an intersection is assigned a constant green signal time.
• It is possible to propose dynamic time-based coordination schemes where the green signal time of the traffic lights is assigned based on the present conditions of traffic.
• The intelligent work which is done by traffic inspector will be perfectly done by the microcontroller in the circuit with the help of the program which is coded to the microcontroller.
ABSTRACT:
Traffic lights are devices used in road intersections or pedestrian crossings to control vehicular traffic and keep pedestrians safe. They are highly useful for orderly and uninterrupted movement of vehicles and pedestrians during heavy traffic on the roads. They play a significant role in controlling the traffic during peak hours without a traffic policeman. Modern traffic lights came into use from the early 20th century. There are three phase and four phase traffic lights in use. Generally, a traffic signal system has three lights. A green light on the bottom of the signal light stack indicates the traffic to proceed; a yellow light in the middle warns traffic to slow and prepare to stop; and a red light on the top to indicate the traffic to stop.
LIGHT EMITED DIODE:
Three methods of identifying the leads on a light emitting diode (LED). The most certain of the three ways is to look at the internal shape of the metal plates - some LEDs don't have the flat on the body, and the positive lead is only longer if the wires haven't been cropped. However, note that some jumbo LEDs have these plates reversed. If in doubt just try it both ways - since an LED is a type of diode it won't harm it if the polarity is wrong.
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL KIT:
The traffic light controller is for an intersection between a Main Street and a Side Street. Both streets have a red, yellow, and green signal light. Pedestrians have the option of pressing a walk button to turn all the traffic lights red and cause a single walk light to illuminate.
The traffic lights are timed on three parameters (in seconds): the base interval (tBASE), the extended interval (tEXT), and the yellow light interval (tYEL). The default values listed in the table below are to be loaded into the FPGA on reset, and may be reprogrammed on demand using switches and buttons on your kit with the Time_Parameter_Selector, Time_Value, and Reprogram signals. Time_Parameter_Selector uses the Parameter Number code to select the interval during programming. Time_Value is a 4-bit value representing the value to be programmed; therefore, it has a duration of seconds between 0 and15. The Reprogram button tells the system to set the currently selected interval to Time_Value.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The 8051 Microprocessor is a popular Microprocessor used in Industries for various applications. Such as traffic light control, temperature control, stepper motor control, etc. In this project, the traffic lights are interfaced to Microprocessor system through buffer and ports of programmable peripheral Interface . So the traffic lights can be automatically switched ON/OFF in desired sequence. The Interface board has been designed to work with parallel port of Microprocessor system. The hardware of the system consists of two parts. The first part is Microprocessor based system with 8081. Microprocessor as CPU and the peripheral devices like EPROM, RAM, Keyboard & Display Controller, 26 pin parallel port connector, 21 keys Hexa key pad and six number of seven segment LED’s. The second part is the traffic light controller interface board, which consist of 36 LED’s in which 20 LED’s are used for vehicle traffic and they are connected to 20 port lines of 8081 through Buffer. Remaining LED’s are used for pedestrian traffic. The traffic light interface board is connected to Mainboard using 50 core flat cables to 26 pin Port connector. The LED’s can be switched ON/OFF in the specified sequence by the Microprocessor.
The light emitting diodes are used in order to show the traffic light changing according to the program. The LED light will change according to output by the microcontroller. In each lane, there are three LEDs according to traffic lights colors which consist of red, yellow and green. Moreover, two inverters were used in order to connect the output of green and red LEDs together. Therefore, when the green LED is ON then the red LED will be OFF and vice-versa.
CONCLUSION:
An intelligent traffic light system had successfully been designed and developed. This interface is synchronized with the whole process of the traffic system. This prototype can easily be implemented in real life situations.
[attachment=37202]
INTRODUCTION:
• The aim of the project is to solve traffic congestion which is a severe problem in many modern cities all over the world.
• To solve the problem, we have designed a framework for a automatic traffic light control system and developed a simulation model with codes in to help build the system on hardware.
• Generally, each traffic light on an intersection is assigned a constant green signal time.
• It is possible to propose dynamic time-based coordination schemes where the green signal time of the traffic lights is assigned based on the present conditions of traffic.
• The intelligent work which is done by traffic inspector will be perfectly done by the microcontroller in the circuit with the help of the program which is coded to the microcontroller.
ABSTRACT:
Traffic lights are devices used in road intersections or pedestrian crossings to control vehicular traffic and keep pedestrians safe. They are highly useful for orderly and uninterrupted movement of vehicles and pedestrians during heavy traffic on the roads. They play a significant role in controlling the traffic during peak hours without a traffic policeman. Modern traffic lights came into use from the early 20th century. There are three phase and four phase traffic lights in use. Generally, a traffic signal system has three lights. A green light on the bottom of the signal light stack indicates the traffic to proceed; a yellow light in the middle warns traffic to slow and prepare to stop; and a red light on the top to indicate the traffic to stop.
LIGHT EMITED DIODE:
Three methods of identifying the leads on a light emitting diode (LED). The most certain of the three ways is to look at the internal shape of the metal plates - some LEDs don't have the flat on the body, and the positive lead is only longer if the wires haven't been cropped. However, note that some jumbo LEDs have these plates reversed. If in doubt just try it both ways - since an LED is a type of diode it won't harm it if the polarity is wrong.
TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL KIT:
The traffic light controller is for an intersection between a Main Street and a Side Street. Both streets have a red, yellow, and green signal light. Pedestrians have the option of pressing a walk button to turn all the traffic lights red and cause a single walk light to illuminate.
The traffic lights are timed on three parameters (in seconds): the base interval (tBASE), the extended interval (tEXT), and the yellow light interval (tYEL). The default values listed in the table below are to be loaded into the FPGA on reset, and may be reprogrammed on demand using switches and buttons on your kit with the Time_Parameter_Selector, Time_Value, and Reprogram signals. Time_Parameter_Selector uses the Parameter Number code to select the interval during programming. Time_Value is a 4-bit value representing the value to be programmed; therefore, it has a duration of seconds between 0 and15. The Reprogram button tells the system to set the currently selected interval to Time_Value.
WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The 8051 Microprocessor is a popular Microprocessor used in Industries for various applications. Such as traffic light control, temperature control, stepper motor control, etc. In this project, the traffic lights are interfaced to Microprocessor system through buffer and ports of programmable peripheral Interface . So the traffic lights can be automatically switched ON/OFF in desired sequence. The Interface board has been designed to work with parallel port of Microprocessor system. The hardware of the system consists of two parts. The first part is Microprocessor based system with 8081. Microprocessor as CPU and the peripheral devices like EPROM, RAM, Keyboard & Display Controller, 26 pin parallel port connector, 21 keys Hexa key pad and six number of seven segment LED’s. The second part is the traffic light controller interface board, which consist of 36 LED’s in which 20 LED’s are used for vehicle traffic and they are connected to 20 port lines of 8081 through Buffer. Remaining LED’s are used for pedestrian traffic. The traffic light interface board is connected to Mainboard using 50 core flat cables to 26 pin Port connector. The LED’s can be switched ON/OFF in the specified sequence by the Microprocessor.
The light emitting diodes are used in order to show the traffic light changing according to the program. The LED light will change according to output by the microcontroller. In each lane, there are three LEDs according to traffic lights colors which consist of red, yellow and green. Moreover, two inverters were used in order to connect the output of green and red LEDs together. Therefore, when the green LED is ON then the red LED will be OFF and vice-versa.
CONCLUSION:
An intelligent traffic light system had successfully been designed and developed. This interface is synchronized with the whole process of the traffic system. This prototype can easily be implemented in real life situations.