15-11-2012, 03:30 PM
ELECTROLYTE VALUES
[attachment=39619]
What are electrolytes?
SODIUM - Sodium is the most abundant cation (pronounced cat-ion) in the blood and its chief base. It functions in the body to maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base balance and to transmit nerve impulses. Very Low value: seizure and neurologic symptoms.
Sodium, serum: 135-145 mEq/L
Sodium, urine: 135-145 mEq/L
POTASSIUM - Potassium is the major intracellular cation. Very low value: Cardiac arrhythmia.
Potassium, serum: 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
Potassium, urine: varies with diet
CHLORIDE - Elevated levels are related to acidosis as well as too much water crossing the cell membrane. Decreased levels with decreased serum albumin may indicate water deficiency crossing the cell membrane (edema).
Chloride, CSF: 118-132 mEq/L (CSF = CerebroSpinal Fluid)
Chloride, serum: 98-108 mEq/L
Chloride, sweat: 0-35 mmol/L
Chloride, urine: varies with diet
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - The CO2 level is related to the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide in the lungs and is part of the bodies buffering system. Generally when used with the other electrolytes, it is a good indicator of acidosis and alkalinity.
Normal Adult Range: 22-32 mEq/L
Optimal Adult Reading: 27
Normal Childrens Range - 20 - 28 mEq/L
Optimal Childrens Reading: 24
CALCIUM - involved in bone metabolism, protein absorption, fat transfer muscular contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting and cardiac function. Regulated by parathyroid.
Calcium, ionized: 4.4 - 5.1 mg/dL
Calcium, serum: 8.4 - 10.2 mEq/dl
Calcium, urine: 100 - 300 mg/24 h
PHOSPHORUS - Generally inverse with Calcium.
Phosphorus, serum: 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL
ANION GAP (Sodium + Potassium - CO2 + Chloride) - An increased measurement is associated with metabolic acidosis due to the overproduction of acids (a state of alkalinity is in effect). Decreased levels may indicate metabolic alkalosis due to the overproduction of alkaloids (a state of acidosis is in effect).
Normal Adult Range: 7 - 16 mEq/L
CALCIUM/PHOSPHORUS Ratio
Normal Adult Range: 2.3 - 3.3 (calculated)
Optimal Adult Reading: 2.8
Normal Children’s range: 1.3 - 3.3 (calculated)
Optimal Children’s Reading: 2.3
SODIUM/POTASSIUM
Normal Adult Range: 26 - 38 (calculated)
Optimal Adult Reading: 32
WHAT ARE ELECTROLYTES?
Electrolytes (salts) are chemical substances in the body that have become ions in your body fluids and have the capacity to conduct electricity. Basically, an ion is an atom or a group of atoms that have lost or gained one or more electrons thereby giving it a positive or negative charge. Because of this 'charge' in body fluids it has the ability to conduct electricity. How cool is that? It's not like we are plastic and can't be shocked. We can even rub out foot on carpet and shock someone else. The body is indeed 'electric'. The 'body fluids' I'm referring to is your blood, plasma and interstitial fluid (the fluid between your cells). Your body fluids have a fair amount of sodium chloride (Na+Cl- aka table salt) swishing through it. Electricity requires voltage and it is through this positive and negative charges in the cells that makes the ability to conduct electricity in the body possible in order to keep your heart beating and your nervous system operating.
[attachment=39619]
What are electrolytes?
SODIUM - Sodium is the most abundant cation (pronounced cat-ion) in the blood and its chief base. It functions in the body to maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base balance and to transmit nerve impulses. Very Low value: seizure and neurologic symptoms.
Sodium, serum: 135-145 mEq/L
Sodium, urine: 135-145 mEq/L
POTASSIUM - Potassium is the major intracellular cation. Very low value: Cardiac arrhythmia.
Potassium, serum: 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
Potassium, urine: varies with diet
CHLORIDE - Elevated levels are related to acidosis as well as too much water crossing the cell membrane. Decreased levels with decreased serum albumin may indicate water deficiency crossing the cell membrane (edema).
Chloride, CSF: 118-132 mEq/L (CSF = CerebroSpinal Fluid)
Chloride, serum: 98-108 mEq/L
Chloride, sweat: 0-35 mmol/L
Chloride, urine: varies with diet
CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - The CO2 level is related to the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide in the lungs and is part of the bodies buffering system. Generally when used with the other electrolytes, it is a good indicator of acidosis and alkalinity.
Normal Adult Range: 22-32 mEq/L
Optimal Adult Reading: 27
Normal Childrens Range - 20 - 28 mEq/L
Optimal Childrens Reading: 24
CALCIUM - involved in bone metabolism, protein absorption, fat transfer muscular contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting and cardiac function. Regulated by parathyroid.
Calcium, ionized: 4.4 - 5.1 mg/dL
Calcium, serum: 8.4 - 10.2 mEq/dl
Calcium, urine: 100 - 300 mg/24 h
PHOSPHORUS - Generally inverse with Calcium.
Phosphorus, serum: 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL
ANION GAP (Sodium + Potassium - CO2 + Chloride) - An increased measurement is associated with metabolic acidosis due to the overproduction of acids (a state of alkalinity is in effect). Decreased levels may indicate metabolic alkalosis due to the overproduction of alkaloids (a state of acidosis is in effect).
Normal Adult Range: 7 - 16 mEq/L
CALCIUM/PHOSPHORUS Ratio
Normal Adult Range: 2.3 - 3.3 (calculated)
Optimal Adult Reading: 2.8
Normal Children’s range: 1.3 - 3.3 (calculated)
Optimal Children’s Reading: 2.3
SODIUM/POTASSIUM
Normal Adult Range: 26 - 38 (calculated)
Optimal Adult Reading: 32
WHAT ARE ELECTROLYTES?
Electrolytes (salts) are chemical substances in the body that have become ions in your body fluids and have the capacity to conduct electricity. Basically, an ion is an atom or a group of atoms that have lost or gained one or more electrons thereby giving it a positive or negative charge. Because of this 'charge' in body fluids it has the ability to conduct electricity. How cool is that? It's not like we are plastic and can't be shocked. We can even rub out foot on carpet and shock someone else. The body is indeed 'electric'. The 'body fluids' I'm referring to is your blood, plasma and interstitial fluid (the fluid between your cells). Your body fluids have a fair amount of sodium chloride (Na+Cl- aka table salt) swishing through it. Electricity requires voltage and it is through this positive and negative charges in the cells that makes the ability to conduct electricity in the body possible in order to keep your heart beating and your nervous system operating.