17-11-2012, 11:22 AM
A Seminar On OPTICAL SWITCHING
[attachment=39905]
INTRODUCTION
process by which entire light signal is switched/routed
From one pathway to another.
Bidirectional switching.
Bidirectional switching
No opto -electronic conversion.
More than 10 terabits/sec of total switching capacity.
Each channels supporting 320 GB per second.
128 times faster than current electronic switches.
Uses optical switches.
Optical switching is independent of data rate and protocol.
MEMS
Based on microscopic mirrors
Uses MEMS (Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems) technology.
Routes signals from fibre-to-fibre in a switching matrix.
Matrix with up to 256 mirrors is currently possible.
256 mirror matrix occupies less than 7 sq. cm of space.
Does not include Mux/ Demux, this is carried out elsewhere
Supports bit rates up to 40 Gb/s and beyond .
MEMS can be considered a subcategory of opto mechanical switches.
THERMO OPTICAL SWITCH
thermo-optical switches are polymer-based on silicon substrates.
It consists in the variation of the refractive index of a dielectric material, due to temperature variation of the material itself.
Thermo-optical switches are small in size but have a drawback of having high driving-power characteristics .
BUBBLE SWITCH
Switch consists silica wave guide with intersecting points with bubble fluid
Refractive index of bubble same as silica and
bubble act as miroor to reflect light to other way
LIQUID CRYSTAL SWITCH
The switching element consists of two glass and Liquid crystal cell that acts as a polarisation control element
polarisation control element.
Two incoming signals are set to be linearly polarised in orthogonal directions.
CONCLUSION
Photonic switching offer the potential of realizing networks with
much higher capacities than electronic switched networks.
significant advances in technology are needed to make them practical,
some challenges such as the lack of economical optical buffering and the difficulty of propagating very high speed .
Signals at tens and hundreds of gigabits/second over any significant distances of optical fiber.
At this time, fast optical switches have relatively high losses including polarization-dependent losses, and are not amenable to integration, which is essential to realize large switches.
Temperature dependence of individual components can also be a
significant problem when multiplexing, de multiplexing, or
synchronizing signals at such high bit rates
[attachment=39905]
INTRODUCTION
process by which entire light signal is switched/routed
From one pathway to another.
Bidirectional switching.
Bidirectional switching
No opto -electronic conversion.
More than 10 terabits/sec of total switching capacity.
Each channels supporting 320 GB per second.
128 times faster than current electronic switches.
Uses optical switches.
Optical switching is independent of data rate and protocol.
MEMS
Based on microscopic mirrors
Uses MEMS (Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems) technology.
Routes signals from fibre-to-fibre in a switching matrix.
Matrix with up to 256 mirrors is currently possible.
256 mirror matrix occupies less than 7 sq. cm of space.
Does not include Mux/ Demux, this is carried out elsewhere
Supports bit rates up to 40 Gb/s and beyond .
MEMS can be considered a subcategory of opto mechanical switches.
THERMO OPTICAL SWITCH
thermo-optical switches are polymer-based on silicon substrates.
It consists in the variation of the refractive index of a dielectric material, due to temperature variation of the material itself.
Thermo-optical switches are small in size but have a drawback of having high driving-power characteristics .
BUBBLE SWITCH
Switch consists silica wave guide with intersecting points with bubble fluid
Refractive index of bubble same as silica and
bubble act as miroor to reflect light to other way
LIQUID CRYSTAL SWITCH
The switching element consists of two glass and Liquid crystal cell that acts as a polarisation control element
polarisation control element.
Two incoming signals are set to be linearly polarised in orthogonal directions.
CONCLUSION
Photonic switching offer the potential of realizing networks with
much higher capacities than electronic switched networks.
significant advances in technology are needed to make them practical,
some challenges such as the lack of economical optical buffering and the difficulty of propagating very high speed .
Signals at tens and hundreds of gigabits/second over any significant distances of optical fiber.
At this time, fast optical switches have relatively high losses including polarization-dependent losses, and are not amenable to integration, which is essential to realize large switches.
Temperature dependence of individual components can also be a
significant problem when multiplexing, de multiplexing, or
synchronizing signals at such high bit rates