17-11-2012, 01:27 PM
Zigbee REPORT
[attachment=39957]
Introduction
Zigbee:-
ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh network standard. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications. Low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries. Mesh networking provides high reliability and more extensive range. ZigBee chip vendors typically sell integrated radios and microcontrollers with between 60 KB and 256 KB flash memory.
ZigBee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands; 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in the USA and Australia, and 2.4 GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide. Data transmission rates vary from 20 to 900 kilobits/second.
The ZigBee network layer natively supports both star and tree typical networks, and generic mesh networks. Every network must have one coordinator device, tasked with its creation, the control of its parameters and basic maintenance. Within star networks, the coordinator must be the central node. Both trees and meshes allows the use of ZigBeerouters to extend communication at the network level.
ZigBee builds upon the physical layer and medium access control defined in IEEE standard 802.15.4 (2003 version) for low-rate WPANs. The specification goes on to complete the standard by adding four main components: network layer, application layer, ZigBee device objects (ZDOs) and manufacturer-defined application objects which allow for customization and favor total integration.
Besides adding two high-level network layers to the underlying structure, the most significant improvement is the introduction of ZDOs. These are responsible for a number of tasks, which include keeping of device roles, management of requests to join a network, device discovery and security.
ZigBee is not intended to support powerline networking but to interface with it at least for smart metering and smart appliancepurposes.BecauseZigBee nodes can go from sleep to active mode in 30 ms or less, the latency can be low and devices can be responsive, particularly compared to Bluetooth wake-up delays, which are typically around three seconds.BecauseZigBee nodes can sleep most of the time, average power consumption can be low, resulting in long battery life.
Idea for selection of topic :-
In modern era of science and technology ,it has made easy to do any work in short and efficient way and reduced the complexity .In regard of that Zigbee Smart home technology has become the most popular technology when we talk about PAN networks.This technology is widely used in America and china.So I think there is need of making other aware of it as it is related to our day to day life.
Home Automation :-
There has been significant research into the field of home automation. The X10 industry standard, developed in 1975 for communication between electronic devices, is the oldest standard identified from the papers’s review, providing limited control over household devices through the home’s power lines. Recently, research into the field of home automation has continued to receive much attention in academia.
3.2.1) In 2002 N. Sriskanthan, F. Tan and A. Karandeintroduced a Bluetooth based home automation system, consisting of a primary controller and a number of Bluetooth sub-controllers in , "Bluetooth based home automation system , Microprocessors and Microsystems. Each home device is physically connected to a local Bluetooth sub-controller. The home devices communicate with their respective sub-controller using wired communications.
3.2.2) In a research paper "Trends in Smart Home Systems, Connectivity and Services",
published in 2003 describes home automation as the introduction of technology within the home to enhance the quality of life of its occupants, through the provision of different services such as telehealth, multimedia entertainment and energy conservation.
Zigbee plus Home automation :-
This section describes the conceptual design of a flexible and low cost home automation infrastructure. The home’s low data rate, control and monitoring needs are catered for using Zigbee. The home’s high data rate needs, such as multimedia applications, are met by the Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11g) standard.
A home gateway is implemented to provide interoperability between the heterogeneous Zigbee and Wi-Fi networks, and facilitate local and remote control and monitoring over the home’s devices. A virtual home is implemented for the provision of real time security and safety for the home and its inhabitants.
The proposed system consists primarily of four steps. Remote user can access the system using the Internet. The remote user’s communications traverse the internet until they reach the home network. They are then wirelessly transmitted to the Home Gateway using the homes Wi-Fi network. The Home Gateway is integrated with a virtual home. These communications are checked and processed by the home gateway and virtual home, as discussed in greater detail later. This checking process involves communication with the home networks coordinator, which is integrated with the home’s device database and contains the status of all connected devices. Once checked the communications are sent to the real home automation system and the respective device. Additionally, a local ZigBee based remote control can be used to directly control connected devices.
[attachment=39957]
Introduction
Zigbee:-
ZigBee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh network standard. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications. Low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries. Mesh networking provides high reliability and more extensive range. ZigBee chip vendors typically sell integrated radios and microcontrollers with between 60 KB and 256 KB flash memory.
ZigBee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands; 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in the USA and Australia, and 2.4 GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide. Data transmission rates vary from 20 to 900 kilobits/second.
The ZigBee network layer natively supports both star and tree typical networks, and generic mesh networks. Every network must have one coordinator device, tasked with its creation, the control of its parameters and basic maintenance. Within star networks, the coordinator must be the central node. Both trees and meshes allows the use of ZigBeerouters to extend communication at the network level.
ZigBee builds upon the physical layer and medium access control defined in IEEE standard 802.15.4 (2003 version) for low-rate WPANs. The specification goes on to complete the standard by adding four main components: network layer, application layer, ZigBee device objects (ZDOs) and manufacturer-defined application objects which allow for customization and favor total integration.
Besides adding two high-level network layers to the underlying structure, the most significant improvement is the introduction of ZDOs. These are responsible for a number of tasks, which include keeping of device roles, management of requests to join a network, device discovery and security.
ZigBee is not intended to support powerline networking but to interface with it at least for smart metering and smart appliancepurposes.BecauseZigBee nodes can go from sleep to active mode in 30 ms or less, the latency can be low and devices can be responsive, particularly compared to Bluetooth wake-up delays, which are typically around three seconds.BecauseZigBee nodes can sleep most of the time, average power consumption can be low, resulting in long battery life.
Idea for selection of topic :-
In modern era of science and technology ,it has made easy to do any work in short and efficient way and reduced the complexity .In regard of that Zigbee Smart home technology has become the most popular technology when we talk about PAN networks.This technology is widely used in America and china.So I think there is need of making other aware of it as it is related to our day to day life.
Home Automation :-
There has been significant research into the field of home automation. The X10 industry standard, developed in 1975 for communication between electronic devices, is the oldest standard identified from the papers’s review, providing limited control over household devices through the home’s power lines. Recently, research into the field of home automation has continued to receive much attention in academia.
3.2.1) In 2002 N. Sriskanthan, F. Tan and A. Karandeintroduced a Bluetooth based home automation system, consisting of a primary controller and a number of Bluetooth sub-controllers in , "Bluetooth based home automation system , Microprocessors and Microsystems. Each home device is physically connected to a local Bluetooth sub-controller. The home devices communicate with their respective sub-controller using wired communications.
3.2.2) In a research paper "Trends in Smart Home Systems, Connectivity and Services",
published in 2003 describes home automation as the introduction of technology within the home to enhance the quality of life of its occupants, through the provision of different services such as telehealth, multimedia entertainment and energy conservation.
Zigbee plus Home automation :-
This section describes the conceptual design of a flexible and low cost home automation infrastructure. The home’s low data rate, control and monitoring needs are catered for using Zigbee. The home’s high data rate needs, such as multimedia applications, are met by the Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11g) standard.
A home gateway is implemented to provide interoperability between the heterogeneous Zigbee and Wi-Fi networks, and facilitate local and remote control and monitoring over the home’s devices. A virtual home is implemented for the provision of real time security and safety for the home and its inhabitants.
The proposed system consists primarily of four steps. Remote user can access the system using the Internet. The remote user’s communications traverse the internet until they reach the home network. They are then wirelessly transmitted to the Home Gateway using the homes Wi-Fi network. The Home Gateway is integrated with a virtual home. These communications are checked and processed by the home gateway and virtual home, as discussed in greater detail later. This checking process involves communication with the home networks coordinator, which is integrated with the home’s device database and contains the status of all connected devices. Once checked the communications are sent to the real home automation system and the respective device. Additionally, a local ZigBee based remote control can be used to directly control connected devices.