28-11-2012, 02:46 PM
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING Analysis and Design
[attachment=41498]
Before the Greeks
Throughout antiquity, structural engineering existing as an art rather than a science. No
record exists of any rational consideration, either as to the strength of structural members or
as to the behavior of structural materials. The builders were guided by rules of thumbs and
experience, which were passed from generation to generation, guarded by secrets of the guild,
and seldom supplemented by new knowledge. Despite this, structures erected before Galileo are
by modern standards quite phenomenal (pyramids, Via Appia, aqueducs, Colisseums, Gothic
cathedrals to name a few).
The rst structural engineer in history seems to have been Imhotep, one of only two commoners
to be dei ed. He was the builder of the step pyramid of Sakkara about 3,000 B.C., and
yielded great in
uence over ancient Egypt.
INTRODUCTION
Structural Engineering
Structural engineers are responsible for the detailed analysis and design of:
Architectural structures: Buildings, houses, factories. They must work in close cooperation
with an architect who will ultimately be responsible for the design.
Civil Infrastructures: Bridges, dams, pipelines, o shore structures. They work with transportation,
hydraulic, nuclear and other engineers. For those structures they play the
leading role.
Aerospace, Mechanical, Naval structures: aeroplanes, spacecrafts, cars, ships, submarines
to ensure the structural safety of those important structures.
Structures and their Surroundings
Structural design is a ected by various environmental constraints:
Major movements: For example, elevator shafts are usually shear walls good at resisting
lateral load (wind, earthquake).
Sound and structure interact:
A dome roof will concentrate the sound
A dish roof will di use the sound
Natural light:
A at roof in a building may not provide adequate light.
A Folded plate will provide adequate lighting (analysis more complex).
A bearing and shear wall building may not have enough openings for daylight.
A Frame design will allow more light in (analysis more complex).
[attachment=41498]
Before the Greeks
Throughout antiquity, structural engineering existing as an art rather than a science. No
record exists of any rational consideration, either as to the strength of structural members or
as to the behavior of structural materials. The builders were guided by rules of thumbs and
experience, which were passed from generation to generation, guarded by secrets of the guild,
and seldom supplemented by new knowledge. Despite this, structures erected before Galileo are
by modern standards quite phenomenal (pyramids, Via Appia, aqueducs, Colisseums, Gothic
cathedrals to name a few).
The rst structural engineer in history seems to have been Imhotep, one of only two commoners
to be dei ed. He was the builder of the step pyramid of Sakkara about 3,000 B.C., and
yielded great in
uence over ancient Egypt.
INTRODUCTION
Structural Engineering
Structural engineers are responsible for the detailed analysis and design of:
Architectural structures: Buildings, houses, factories. They must work in close cooperation
with an architect who will ultimately be responsible for the design.
Civil Infrastructures: Bridges, dams, pipelines, o shore structures. They work with transportation,
hydraulic, nuclear and other engineers. For those structures they play the
leading role.
Aerospace, Mechanical, Naval structures: aeroplanes, spacecrafts, cars, ships, submarines
to ensure the structural safety of those important structures.
Structures and their Surroundings
Structural design is a ected by various environmental constraints:
Major movements: For example, elevator shafts are usually shear walls good at resisting
lateral load (wind, earthquake).
Sound and structure interact:
A dome roof will concentrate the sound
A dish roof will di use the sound
Natural light:
A at roof in a building may not provide adequate light.
A Folded plate will provide adequate lighting (analysis more complex).
A bearing and shear wall building may not have enough openings for daylight.
A Frame design will allow more light in (analysis more complex).