30-11-2012, 01:30 PM
Report on Embedded System
[attachment=41836]
ABSTRACT
Emerging low power, embedded, wireless sensor devices are useful for wide range of applications, yet have very limited processing, storage and especially energy resources. Thus a key design challenge is to support application-specific optimizations in a highly flexible manner.This paper deals with Embedded Systems in which the main emphasis is made on its architecture, characteristics, real-time systems, design and typical hardware and software, how it is differentiated from a Personal Computers, types of Embedded Systems, the products made with Embedded Systems, Input/Output of Embedded Systems, problems while dealing with Embedded Systems and its applications.
INTRODUCTION:
BASICS CONCEPTS:
The most important industry of our days, Data Communication, is based on Embedded Systems.
Embedded Software is not software for small computers
It executes on machines that are not computers (cars, airplanes, telephones, audio equipment, robots, security systems…)
Its principal role is not the transformation of data but rather the interaction with the physical world
Since it interacts with the physical world must acquire some properties of the physical world. It takes time. It consumes power. It does not terminate until it fails
Embed:
Def1: to fix (something) firmly and deeply
Def2: to enclose closely in a surrounding mass
System:
Implicitly a controlling system
What is an Embedded System?
"An embedded system is a special purpose computer system built in to a larger device. An embedded system is typically required to meet very different requirements than a general purpose personal computer.
An embedded system is a computer system contained within some larger device or product with the intent purpose of providing monitoring and control services to that device.
Reasons:
Convenience:-It makes the equipment more useful.
Cost: - Control functions have been handled mechanically, but an embedded computer system is cheaper and more reliable.
Real-Time Systems:
Embedded systems are a part of another system that must respond to event in the real world. Hence time inside the program is tied to time in the real world.
A modern car is more as "a computer system" than a personal computer in the sense that tens of microprocessors are controlling different functions of it. Also the most important industry of our days, Data Communication, is based on Embedded Systems.
Types of Real-Time Embedded Systems:
Hard:-Where not meeting a deadline failure.
Soft:-Where deadline can be missed and the system may still work.
Slow:-The system will have to respond with in seconds.
Fast:-The system will have to respond with in a second (mille or microsecond).
Characteristics:
Two major areas of differences are cost and power consumption. Since Embedded Systems are produced in the ten thousands to millions of units range, reducing cost is a major concern. Embedded Systems often use a (relatively) slow processor and small memory size
1. Application and Domain Specific.
2. Reactive and Real-time.
3. Distributed. 4. Heterogeneus.
5. Operate in harsh environments.
6. Must meet high integrity quality attribute requirements.
7. Small Size and Weight. 8. Power concerns.
Embedded systems have several common characteristics that distinguished such systems from other computing systems.
Single-Functioned:
An embedded system usually executes a specific program repeatedly for example, a pager is always a pager in contrast, a desktop system executes a variety of programs like spreadsheets, word processors and video games with new programs added frequently of course there are some exceptions. One case is where an embedded system’s program is updated with a newer program version for example; some cell phones can be updated in such a manner.
Tightly-Constrained:
All computing systems have constraints on design metrics, but those onEmbedded Systems can be especially tight. A design metric is a measure of an implementation features such as cost, size, performance and power. Embedded Systems must be fit on a single chip, must perform fast enough to process data inreal time.
[attachment=41836]
ABSTRACT
Emerging low power, embedded, wireless sensor devices are useful for wide range of applications, yet have very limited processing, storage and especially energy resources. Thus a key design challenge is to support application-specific optimizations in a highly flexible manner.This paper deals with Embedded Systems in which the main emphasis is made on its architecture, characteristics, real-time systems, design and typical hardware and software, how it is differentiated from a Personal Computers, types of Embedded Systems, the products made with Embedded Systems, Input/Output of Embedded Systems, problems while dealing with Embedded Systems and its applications.
INTRODUCTION:
BASICS CONCEPTS:
The most important industry of our days, Data Communication, is based on Embedded Systems.
Embedded Software is not software for small computers
It executes on machines that are not computers (cars, airplanes, telephones, audio equipment, robots, security systems…)
Its principal role is not the transformation of data but rather the interaction with the physical world
Since it interacts with the physical world must acquire some properties of the physical world. It takes time. It consumes power. It does not terminate until it fails
Embed:
Def1: to fix (something) firmly and deeply
Def2: to enclose closely in a surrounding mass
System:
Implicitly a controlling system
What is an Embedded System?
"An embedded system is a special purpose computer system built in to a larger device. An embedded system is typically required to meet very different requirements than a general purpose personal computer.
An embedded system is a computer system contained within some larger device or product with the intent purpose of providing monitoring and control services to that device.
Reasons:
Convenience:-It makes the equipment more useful.
Cost: - Control functions have been handled mechanically, but an embedded computer system is cheaper and more reliable.
Real-Time Systems:
Embedded systems are a part of another system that must respond to event in the real world. Hence time inside the program is tied to time in the real world.
A modern car is more as "a computer system" than a personal computer in the sense that tens of microprocessors are controlling different functions of it. Also the most important industry of our days, Data Communication, is based on Embedded Systems.
Types of Real-Time Embedded Systems:
Hard:-Where not meeting a deadline failure.
Soft:-Where deadline can be missed and the system may still work.
Slow:-The system will have to respond with in seconds.
Fast:-The system will have to respond with in a second (mille or microsecond).
Characteristics:
Two major areas of differences are cost and power consumption. Since Embedded Systems are produced in the ten thousands to millions of units range, reducing cost is a major concern. Embedded Systems often use a (relatively) slow processor and small memory size
1. Application and Domain Specific.
2. Reactive and Real-time.
3. Distributed. 4. Heterogeneus.
5. Operate in harsh environments.
6. Must meet high integrity quality attribute requirements.
7. Small Size and Weight. 8. Power concerns.
Embedded systems have several common characteristics that distinguished such systems from other computing systems.
Single-Functioned:
An embedded system usually executes a specific program repeatedly for example, a pager is always a pager in contrast, a desktop system executes a variety of programs like spreadsheets, word processors and video games with new programs added frequently of course there are some exceptions. One case is where an embedded system’s program is updated with a newer program version for example; some cell phones can be updated in such a manner.
Tightly-Constrained:
All computing systems have constraints on design metrics, but those onEmbedded Systems can be especially tight. A design metric is a measure of an implementation features such as cost, size, performance and power. Embedded Systems must be fit on a single chip, must perform fast enough to process data inreal time.