24-12-2012, 05:03 PM
Microprocessor and Microcontroller Fundamentals
[attachment=45163]
Microcontrollers
Embedded Systems
Operations managed behind the scenes by a microcontroller
Microcontroller (MCU)
An integrated electronic computing device that includes three major components on a single chip
Microprocessor (MPU)
Memory
I/O (Input/Output) ports
Input/Output (I/O)
Input Devices
Switches and Keypads
Provide binary information to the MPU
Output devices
LEDs and LCDs
Receive binary information from the MPU
Microprocessor Architecture
The MPU communicates with Memory and I/O using the System Bus
Address bus
Unidirectional
Memory and I/O Addresses
Data bus
Bidirectional
Transfers Binary Data and Instructions
Control lines
Read and Write timing signals
Software
Machine Language
Binary Instructions
Difficult to decipher and write
Error-prone
All programs converted into machine language for execution
Assembly Language
Machine instructions represented in mnemonics
One-to-one correspondence
Efficient execution and use of memory
Machine-specific
MPU-Based Systems
System hardware
Discrete components
Microprocessor, Memory, and I/O
Components connected by buses
Address, Data, and Control
System software
A group of programs that monitors the functions of the entire system
MCU-Based Systems
Includes microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and support devices (such as timers) on a single semiconductor chip
Buses are generally not available to a system designer
I/O ports are generally multiplexed and can be programmed to perform different functions
Computer Architectures
Princeton versus Harvard Architecture
CISC versus RISC processors
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
[attachment=45163]
Microcontrollers
Embedded Systems
Operations managed behind the scenes by a microcontroller
Microcontroller (MCU)
An integrated electronic computing device that includes three major components on a single chip
Microprocessor (MPU)
Memory
I/O (Input/Output) ports
Input/Output (I/O)
Input Devices
Switches and Keypads
Provide binary information to the MPU
Output devices
LEDs and LCDs
Receive binary information from the MPU
Microprocessor Architecture
The MPU communicates with Memory and I/O using the System Bus
Address bus
Unidirectional
Memory and I/O Addresses
Data bus
Bidirectional
Transfers Binary Data and Instructions
Control lines
Read and Write timing signals
Software
Machine Language
Binary Instructions
Difficult to decipher and write
Error-prone
All programs converted into machine language for execution
Assembly Language
Machine instructions represented in mnemonics
One-to-one correspondence
Efficient execution and use of memory
Machine-specific
MPU-Based Systems
System hardware
Discrete components
Microprocessor, Memory, and I/O
Components connected by buses
Address, Data, and Control
System software
A group of programs that monitors the functions of the entire system
MCU-Based Systems
Includes microprocessor, memory, I/O ports, and support devices (such as timers) on a single semiconductor chip
Buses are generally not available to a system designer
I/O ports are generally multiplexed and can be programmed to perform different functions
Computer Architectures
Princeton versus Harvard Architecture
CISC versus RISC processors
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers