05-01-2013, 04:18 PM
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
[attachment=46577]
v vehicle power supply system
The automobile is an integral part of modern society. With each passing year come new advancements to this marvel of mankind’s ingenuity. For the past fifty years, car’s electrical systems have run on a 14-volt bus enabling 12-volt applications. In the past twenty years power requirements of automobiles have more than doubled. Today’s cars with all of the added amenities and advance operational systems have nearly reached the limit of the 14-volt system. The industry has agreed that the next step in development is to triple the voltage used in automobiles.
Many developments are being made toward implementing the new 42-volt bus that enables 36-volt applications. A select number of companies already have 42-volt systems integrated into production vehicles. There are many difficulties facing designers concerning the adaptation of automotive systems to 42-volts. With hundreds of electrical applications in the modern automobile, configuring an entirely new platform on which these applications will run is very challenging. As the world comes near to a new automotive standard for electricity, researchers and car manufactures are busy developing applications to utilize the new power and improve vehicle performance.
Abstract
The automotive industry needs more electrical power to continue to incorporate the latest technologies in their designs. The current 14-volt bus has become insufficient. The solution is to integrate a 42-volt bus into future automobiles, thus providing the necessary power. With additional power supply on the horizon, many new systems, such as X-by-Wire, are being developed to utilize the potential of the 42-volts. These upcoming changes will bring about improvements in fuel efficiency, power, safety, comfort, and convince.
Introduction
New technologies to aid in automotive efficiency and convenience are emerging onto markets; however, they cannot be utilized due to electrical power constraints. The current 14-volt bus employed by modern automobiles is insufficient to meet future demands. Car manufactures agree that the solution is to triple the voltage and implement a new 42-volt bus. The anticipation of this additional power availability is opening the floodgates of research into electronically controlled automotive systems, also known as X-by-Wire. The effects of these advancements will be seen in areas ranging from comfort and convince to efficiency and power. In this paper, changes to current systems and new technologies brought about by the 42-volt bus will be investigated.
Why 42 Volts?
In the past 20 years, the electrical demand of automobiles has more than doubled [19]. Figure 1 shows the trend of power usage in passenger vehicles over the past 80 years and gives a projection over the next 20. The present 14-volt system is being stretched to meet the current electrical needs. The greater the demand placed on an overloaded system, the more inefficient the system becomes, thus, reducing fuel efficiency. With a 42-volt system the operating efficiencies are much higher.
It is obvious that automobiles need a greater amount of electrical power then they currently posses, but why 42 volts? The higher the voltage used, the more efficient it will become because higher voltage systems experience less power loss in transmission [3]. So why stop at 42 volts? It is accepted that D.C. electricity as high as 60 volts is safe and does not require special materials. If the peak voltage in a system were to exceed 60 volts, then advanced materials and safety precautions would have to be implemented thus driving up the system costs. A 42-volt system would meet government regulations for safety and provide adequate power to run all current electrical applications as well as those emerging in the foreseeable.
[attachment=46577]
v vehicle power supply system
The automobile is an integral part of modern society. With each passing year come new advancements to this marvel of mankind’s ingenuity. For the past fifty years, car’s electrical systems have run on a 14-volt bus enabling 12-volt applications. In the past twenty years power requirements of automobiles have more than doubled. Today’s cars with all of the added amenities and advance operational systems have nearly reached the limit of the 14-volt system. The industry has agreed that the next step in development is to triple the voltage used in automobiles.
Many developments are being made toward implementing the new 42-volt bus that enables 36-volt applications. A select number of companies already have 42-volt systems integrated into production vehicles. There are many difficulties facing designers concerning the adaptation of automotive systems to 42-volts. With hundreds of electrical applications in the modern automobile, configuring an entirely new platform on which these applications will run is very challenging. As the world comes near to a new automotive standard for electricity, researchers and car manufactures are busy developing applications to utilize the new power and improve vehicle performance.
Abstract
The automotive industry needs more electrical power to continue to incorporate the latest technologies in their designs. The current 14-volt bus has become insufficient. The solution is to integrate a 42-volt bus into future automobiles, thus providing the necessary power. With additional power supply on the horizon, many new systems, such as X-by-Wire, are being developed to utilize the potential of the 42-volts. These upcoming changes will bring about improvements in fuel efficiency, power, safety, comfort, and convince.
Introduction
New technologies to aid in automotive efficiency and convenience are emerging onto markets; however, they cannot be utilized due to electrical power constraints. The current 14-volt bus employed by modern automobiles is insufficient to meet future demands. Car manufactures agree that the solution is to triple the voltage and implement a new 42-volt bus. The anticipation of this additional power availability is opening the floodgates of research into electronically controlled automotive systems, also known as X-by-Wire. The effects of these advancements will be seen in areas ranging from comfort and convince to efficiency and power. In this paper, changes to current systems and new technologies brought about by the 42-volt bus will be investigated.
Why 42 Volts?
In the past 20 years, the electrical demand of automobiles has more than doubled [19]. Figure 1 shows the trend of power usage in passenger vehicles over the past 80 years and gives a projection over the next 20. The present 14-volt system is being stretched to meet the current electrical needs. The greater the demand placed on an overloaded system, the more inefficient the system becomes, thus, reducing fuel efficiency. With a 42-volt system the operating efficiencies are much higher.
It is obvious that automobiles need a greater amount of electrical power then they currently posses, but why 42 volts? The higher the voltage used, the more efficient it will become because higher voltage systems experience less power loss in transmission [3]. So why stop at 42 volts? It is accepted that D.C. electricity as high as 60 volts is safe and does not require special materials. If the peak voltage in a system were to exceed 60 volts, then advanced materials and safety precautions would have to be implemented thus driving up the system costs. A 42-volt system would meet government regulations for safety and provide adequate power to run all current electrical applications as well as those emerging in the foreseeable.