16-01-2013, 03:10 PM
PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM CELLULOSE
[attachment=47199]
INTRODUCTION
Ethanol- A Renewable Fuel
Cellulose
Getting Sugars from Cellulose
Facts and Figures
Goal of an Engineer
ETHANOL
Most widely used fuel in the world
- 13 Billion Gallons Worldwide Annually
- 9 Billion Gallons consumed by USA p.a.
Made from fermentation of simple sugars
Corn is the most common raw material for Ethanol Production, 34% Energy gain.
Other methods of obtaining Ethanol.
Cellulose in Plants
Found in Cell wall of Plant Cells
Contains 3 Types of Polysaccharides
-Cellulose
-Hemi-Cellulose
-Lignin
Production Process- HYDROLYSIS
Pretreatment: Making biomass amenable to hydrolysis. Hemicellulose and/or lignin is removes and cellulose structure is modified.
Hydrolysis: Breakdown the glucose sugar by adding enzymes.
Separation: Separate sugar from the residual lignin.
Fermentation: Ferment the sugar solution by adding bacteria/yeast.
Distillation: Mixture of ethanol, cell mass and water distilled to produce pure Ethanol.
GOAL OF AN ENGINEER and CONCLUSION
To produce maximum ethanol possible with least solid residue.
To try and reduce the overall production cost.
Developing cost effective enzymes being a key breakthrough for commercialization.
To minimalize exhaust of green house gases on combustion of ethanol fuel.
[attachment=47199]
INTRODUCTION
Ethanol- A Renewable Fuel
Cellulose
Getting Sugars from Cellulose
Facts and Figures
Goal of an Engineer
ETHANOL
Most widely used fuel in the world
- 13 Billion Gallons Worldwide Annually
- 9 Billion Gallons consumed by USA p.a.
Made from fermentation of simple sugars
Corn is the most common raw material for Ethanol Production, 34% Energy gain.
Other methods of obtaining Ethanol.
Cellulose in Plants
Found in Cell wall of Plant Cells
Contains 3 Types of Polysaccharides
-Cellulose
-Hemi-Cellulose
-Lignin
Production Process- HYDROLYSIS
Pretreatment: Making biomass amenable to hydrolysis. Hemicellulose and/or lignin is removes and cellulose structure is modified.
Hydrolysis: Breakdown the glucose sugar by adding enzymes.
Separation: Separate sugar from the residual lignin.
Fermentation: Ferment the sugar solution by adding bacteria/yeast.
Distillation: Mixture of ethanol, cell mass and water distilled to produce pure Ethanol.
GOAL OF AN ENGINEER and CONCLUSION
To produce maximum ethanol possible with least solid residue.
To try and reduce the overall production cost.
Developing cost effective enzymes being a key breakthrough for commercialization.
To minimalize exhaust of green house gases on combustion of ethanol fuel.