01-02-2013, 02:57 PM
SEMINAR ON EARTHQUAKE ALERTS THROUGH CELLPHONES
[attachment=49255]
ABSTRACT
Every year thousands of people die because an earthquake catches them in a dangerous place or during a defenseless sleep. Earthquake alerts through mobile services could be more efficient and easier way to approach a user. Telestatistics predicts that there are over 51 million mobile users in India. Portability and their inexpensiveness increase the speed and ways of communication. Energy wave released at the epicenter of the earthquake travels slower (3.5 to 8 km/s) than light. Primary (P) waves travel very fast, Secondary(s)-waves which are slower and harmful can be predicted before striking based on property that they travel at a rate slower than Primary (p)-waves. Hence the alerts can be sent before the s -waves reach the surface. This system uses earthquake sensor network, decision alert system.
INTRODUCTION:
Earthquakes strike without warning .The resulting damage can be minimized and lives can be saved, if the people living in the earthquake - prone area are already prepared to survive the strike. This requires a warning before the strong ground motion from the earthquake arrives. Such a warning system is pos¬sible because the energy wave released at the epicenter of the earthquake travels at a rate slower (at 3.5 to 8 km/s) than light.
The warning signal from the earth¬quake epicenter can be transmitted to dif¬ferent places using the satellite communi¬cation network, fiber –optics network, pager service, cell phone service or a combina¬tion of these. The satellite-based network is ideal if the alert system has to cover a large country like India. For earthquake-prone states like Gujarat, a seismic alert system using the global system for mobile communication (GSM) network spread throughout the state is proposed here. This system does not try to find the epicenter or
the fault line caused by the earthquake. It simply monitors the earth vibrations and generates alert signal when the level of earth vibrations crosses a threshold.
After receiving alert, a middle-aged person takes 30 to 40 seconds to go down the stairs from fifth floor . If it takes a minimum of 10 seconds to damage a poorly structured house, these 10 seconds too can be considered for going to safer place. If we consider these points, giving earthquake alert before the actual occurrence of earthquake can minimize casualties.
EARTH QUAKES:
A sudden, transient motion or trembling of the earth's crust, resulting from the waves in the earth caused by faulting of the rocks or by volcanic activity.
TYPES OF DEADLY WAVES:
P-WAVES & S-WAVES:-
When an earthquake occurs, it releases energy in the form of waves that radiate from that earth- quake source in all direc¬tions. Different types of energy waves shake the ground in different ways and travel through the earth at different ve-locities. The fastest waves are called pri¬mary (P) waves. These are compressional in nature like sound wave, and compress and expand material in their direction of travel. P waves move at a speed of 8 km/second. These waves are not destructive in nature
Decision system:
When an SMS is sent from the mobile handset, it first goes to the SMS server of the mobile network, then to the destination receiver handset. If the same message has to be sent to different locations (receivers), the trans¬mitter handset has to dial different num¬bers for different destinations.
But in this proposed system, on a single transmission the message should go to different predefined locations.
This is possible if the SMS server of the mobile network is programmed for such a facil¬ity. In fact, this type of facility already exists in the GSM network in the form of 'cell broadcast.' But it is not advisable to disturb the main server specially for this system. Another application server may be included in the network for the alert system, which will work as the interface between the network (SMS) server and the transmitter located at different earth-quake-prone areas or epicenters.
TIME-TO-ALERT:
In this system, time-to-alert is the time between the actual occurrence of the earthquake at the sensing point and the audio or text message output at the pub¬lic or government offices. End-to-end com¬munication delay will be very less, pro¬vided all the transmitters (handsets) placed at different epicenters are given the top priority for communication in SMS mode. For this, a permanent instruction (through the application server) has to be given to the SMS server of the communication network so that whenever an alert mes-sage comes from the identified locations (registered to the application server), the server gives it the top priority and trans-mits it to the destination immediately.
CONCLUSIONS
This earthquake alert system senses earth¬quake waves at potential earthquake zones, transmits these discrete magnitude values to a central place via GSM cell phone network, and uses computer-based deci¬sion making to deliver alert signals to the identified receivers placed at different towns and cities for both public and gov¬ernment consumption.
The system is simple and could be configured with available resources in the country. Here, only concepts are described. Detailed simulation, feasibility study and experimentation are required to optimise the system and reduce the possibilities of false alarm.
[attachment=49255]
ABSTRACT
Every year thousands of people die because an earthquake catches them in a dangerous place or during a defenseless sleep. Earthquake alerts through mobile services could be more efficient and easier way to approach a user. Telestatistics predicts that there are over 51 million mobile users in India. Portability and their inexpensiveness increase the speed and ways of communication. Energy wave released at the epicenter of the earthquake travels slower (3.5 to 8 km/s) than light. Primary (P) waves travel very fast, Secondary(s)-waves which are slower and harmful can be predicted before striking based on property that they travel at a rate slower than Primary (p)-waves. Hence the alerts can be sent before the s -waves reach the surface. This system uses earthquake sensor network, decision alert system.
INTRODUCTION:
Earthquakes strike without warning .The resulting damage can be minimized and lives can be saved, if the people living in the earthquake - prone area are already prepared to survive the strike. This requires a warning before the strong ground motion from the earthquake arrives. Such a warning system is pos¬sible because the energy wave released at the epicenter of the earthquake travels at a rate slower (at 3.5 to 8 km/s) than light.
The warning signal from the earth¬quake epicenter can be transmitted to dif¬ferent places using the satellite communi¬cation network, fiber –optics network, pager service, cell phone service or a combina¬tion of these. The satellite-based network is ideal if the alert system has to cover a large country like India. For earthquake-prone states like Gujarat, a seismic alert system using the global system for mobile communication (GSM) network spread throughout the state is proposed here. This system does not try to find the epicenter or
the fault line caused by the earthquake. It simply monitors the earth vibrations and generates alert signal when the level of earth vibrations crosses a threshold.
After receiving alert, a middle-aged person takes 30 to 40 seconds to go down the stairs from fifth floor . If it takes a minimum of 10 seconds to damage a poorly structured house, these 10 seconds too can be considered for going to safer place. If we consider these points, giving earthquake alert before the actual occurrence of earthquake can minimize casualties.
EARTH QUAKES:
A sudden, transient motion or trembling of the earth's crust, resulting from the waves in the earth caused by faulting of the rocks or by volcanic activity.
TYPES OF DEADLY WAVES:
P-WAVES & S-WAVES:-
When an earthquake occurs, it releases energy in the form of waves that radiate from that earth- quake source in all direc¬tions. Different types of energy waves shake the ground in different ways and travel through the earth at different ve-locities. The fastest waves are called pri¬mary (P) waves. These are compressional in nature like sound wave, and compress and expand material in their direction of travel. P waves move at a speed of 8 km/second. These waves are not destructive in nature
Decision system:
When an SMS is sent from the mobile handset, it first goes to the SMS server of the mobile network, then to the destination receiver handset. If the same message has to be sent to different locations (receivers), the trans¬mitter handset has to dial different num¬bers for different destinations.
But in this proposed system, on a single transmission the message should go to different predefined locations.
This is possible if the SMS server of the mobile network is programmed for such a facil¬ity. In fact, this type of facility already exists in the GSM network in the form of 'cell broadcast.' But it is not advisable to disturb the main server specially for this system. Another application server may be included in the network for the alert system, which will work as the interface between the network (SMS) server and the transmitter located at different earth-quake-prone areas or epicenters.
TIME-TO-ALERT:
In this system, time-to-alert is the time between the actual occurrence of the earthquake at the sensing point and the audio or text message output at the pub¬lic or government offices. End-to-end com¬munication delay will be very less, pro¬vided all the transmitters (handsets) placed at different epicenters are given the top priority for communication in SMS mode. For this, a permanent instruction (through the application server) has to be given to the SMS server of the communication network so that whenever an alert mes-sage comes from the identified locations (registered to the application server), the server gives it the top priority and trans-mits it to the destination immediately.
CONCLUSIONS
This earthquake alert system senses earth¬quake waves at potential earthquake zones, transmits these discrete magnitude values to a central place via GSM cell phone network, and uses computer-based deci¬sion making to deliver alert signals to the identified receivers placed at different towns and cities for both public and gov¬ernment consumption.
The system is simple and could be configured with available resources in the country. Here, only concepts are described. Detailed simulation, feasibility study and experimentation are required to optimise the system and reduce the possibilities of false alarm.