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An Introduction to 8051 Microcontroller

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Intruduction

Microprocessor = CPU on a single chip.
ALU + registers + control +…
Micro-computer = small computer
uP + I/O + memory + peripheral + …
Microcontroller (uC)
u-Computer on a single chip of silicon

uP vs. uC

A uP

single-chip contained only CPU
bus is available
RAM capacity, num of port is selectable
RAM is larger than ROM (usually)

A uC

single-chip contained CPU, RAM, ROM, Prepherals, I/O port
Communicate by port
internal hardware is fixed
ROM is larger than RAM (usually)

uC base system

Small power consumption
Single chip, small board
Implementation is easy
Low cost
Can be used as Reconfigurable Hardware
uC can reprogram on the fly(ISP)

uP vs. uC Applications

uCs are suitable to control of I/O devices in designs requiring a minimum component
uPs are suitable to processing information in computer systems.

Other 8051 featurs

only 1 On chip oscillator (external crystal)
6 interrupt sources (2 external , 3 internal, Reset)
64K external code (program) memory(only read)PSEN
64K external data memory(can be read and write) by RD,WR
Code memory is selectable by EA (internal or external)
We may have External memory as data and code