04-02-2013, 03:41 PM
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PHOTONICS COMMUNICATION
[attachment=49573]
ABSTRACT:
Nanotechnology deals with the study of nano sized particles. With the study of nano size particles, devices and composites, we will find ways to make stronger materials, detect diseases in the bloodstream, build extremely tiny machines, generate light and energy and purify water. The most fascinating application of Nanotechnology is that we can transmit information at the speed of light more efficiently through Photonics communication using Photons.
The main objective of this paper is to implement Nano technology in optical communication. Photonics communication speeds up telecommunications by replacing Electronics with Nano optics. Even though we have several communicating
methods like Electronic communication, the main reason why we have to go for photonics is “Photons are light (mass less) and fast and electrons are heavy and slow and never the twain shall meet”. In this Photonics communication photons play the prominent role unlike in Electronics. The wave length of light is of a few hundred nano meters, where as our nano sized particles is of a few nano meters so that we can control the light using nano sized particles which is a very interesting thing in communication. In this communication method we directly pass the message signal through light with out converting into electrical or any other signals that is we are replacing the lazy electrons with more prominent photons.
Manipulating Light with Crystals:
As our technology still seeks to increase the speed at which information travels, the scale gets global and we find the information super highway. Although the information super highway has often been used as just another name for the internet, it also describes the vast network of optical and electrical cables now used to carry information. Nano technology is set to take the next step and improve the highway again.
This over complicated, axed-out scene could use some simplifying. Crystals designed on the nano scale could replace electrical routers by directing the light itself instead of first converting it into electrical signals. The fiber-optic cables we use to carry information are potentially capable of transferring data at 10 to 40 Gbps. But most electrical routing occurs at less than 1% of that rate if we transfer to an all-optical router we could route most data packets in less than 1 trillionth of a second, pushing routing speed till it can handle the full capacity of the fiber-optic cable network.
Getting hooked on Photonics:
A photon is the smallest unit of light and doesn't really have a shape or size and mass. They are the building blocks of light and they travel normally in big groups. The information super highway requires orderly photons for information transmission. So, orderly photons have to be made before they can be used as signal carriers. The trick is photons can't really carry anything (as they are weightless) so they are not the messenger, they are also the message. By varying the number of photons we ca form a code of high and low pulses. When we work at the nano scale, we rarely encounter large mobs of photons instead; we have to deal with a few photons at a time. If our nano-crystal accidentally stops just one of the photons, we have immediately lost most of our information. Stopping light is ridiculously easy. Photons love to be absorbed by just about any thing. And those things that don’t absorb light usually reflect it. Thus the photon messenger must face getting either sucked up or bounced. Controlling where photons are absorbed and where they are deflected is the business of photonics and the concern of all nano-scale optical devices. Most of the time, we want those photons deflected as a means of moving information along a path, bouncing photons to their final destination. In order to do that we create and check the IDs for the photons.
Wavelengths: Creating nano-size IDs
The photons can be considered as a wave because they are vibrating and they can be considered as particle depending on the situation. Photons have detectable vibrations. In fact the length of the space it takes for them to go through one cycle of vibration determines the wavelength of a distinct bunch of photons. Moist of the light we dealt with as a wave length of few hundred nano meters. And it turns out that any nano-crystal router is going to have used the wave lengths of photons as a way to identify them. The nanoscopic crystal identifies different wavelengths of light by responding to how they travel. In fact different wavelengths of light travel at different angles when they are passing through a medium.
Optical communication is a pretty exclusive night club. Usually we allow only 1500 nano meter wavelength into the party because it’s the telecommunications standard wave length. So if crystal-based router s specifically designed to the 1500 nano meter wave length, it can be integrated into the inter net. It's important to note that different materials and crystal designs can be specifically tailored for a specific wavelength and only this specific wavelength excluding all others. That is if the photons don’t have the 1500nm ID, they cannot come into our communication system.
Magic with Mirrors
Mirrors are a handy, easy way to direct light around and they control the information super highway. Reflecting large portions of light beam is pretty easy. When we change the direction that mirror faces, we change the direction that the information flows. While it doesn’t get the details sorted out, it does move a lot more data around than the photonic crystals could by them selves. Combining these two
techniques to provide a more well-rounded and versatile router. We will probably have to settle for one of the many other ways to move mirror-to beam-steer. The following figure shows a fairly tiny mechanical solution: 256 mirrors on a few square cm of Silicon.
Conclusion
No matter which type of mirror-position in device we would like to use, the final step is in including it with the nano-router is fairly simple i.e., we use the mirror to direct the information in the form of light thus speeding up our telecommunication. At the end, the nano-router’s use of mirrors will probably be limited to bulk transmission of data, photonic crystals are faster for smaller chunks of information.
[attachment=49573]
ABSTRACT:
Nanotechnology deals with the study of nano sized particles. With the study of nano size particles, devices and composites, we will find ways to make stronger materials, detect diseases in the bloodstream, build extremely tiny machines, generate light and energy and purify water. The most fascinating application of Nanotechnology is that we can transmit information at the speed of light more efficiently through Photonics communication using Photons.
The main objective of this paper is to implement Nano technology in optical communication. Photonics communication speeds up telecommunications by replacing Electronics with Nano optics. Even though we have several communicating
methods like Electronic communication, the main reason why we have to go for photonics is “Photons are light (mass less) and fast and electrons are heavy and slow and never the twain shall meet”. In this Photonics communication photons play the prominent role unlike in Electronics. The wave length of light is of a few hundred nano meters, where as our nano sized particles is of a few nano meters so that we can control the light using nano sized particles which is a very interesting thing in communication. In this communication method we directly pass the message signal through light with out converting into electrical or any other signals that is we are replacing the lazy electrons with more prominent photons.
Manipulating Light with Crystals:
As our technology still seeks to increase the speed at which information travels, the scale gets global and we find the information super highway. Although the information super highway has often been used as just another name for the internet, it also describes the vast network of optical and electrical cables now used to carry information. Nano technology is set to take the next step and improve the highway again.
This over complicated, axed-out scene could use some simplifying. Crystals designed on the nano scale could replace electrical routers by directing the light itself instead of first converting it into electrical signals. The fiber-optic cables we use to carry information are potentially capable of transferring data at 10 to 40 Gbps. But most electrical routing occurs at less than 1% of that rate if we transfer to an all-optical router we could route most data packets in less than 1 trillionth of a second, pushing routing speed till it can handle the full capacity of the fiber-optic cable network.
Getting hooked on Photonics:
A photon is the smallest unit of light and doesn't really have a shape or size and mass. They are the building blocks of light and they travel normally in big groups. The information super highway requires orderly photons for information transmission. So, orderly photons have to be made before they can be used as signal carriers. The trick is photons can't really carry anything (as they are weightless) so they are not the messenger, they are also the message. By varying the number of photons we ca form a code of high and low pulses. When we work at the nano scale, we rarely encounter large mobs of photons instead; we have to deal with a few photons at a time. If our nano-crystal accidentally stops just one of the photons, we have immediately lost most of our information. Stopping light is ridiculously easy. Photons love to be absorbed by just about any thing. And those things that don’t absorb light usually reflect it. Thus the photon messenger must face getting either sucked up or bounced. Controlling where photons are absorbed and where they are deflected is the business of photonics and the concern of all nano-scale optical devices. Most of the time, we want those photons deflected as a means of moving information along a path, bouncing photons to their final destination. In order to do that we create and check the IDs for the photons.
Wavelengths: Creating nano-size IDs
The photons can be considered as a wave because they are vibrating and they can be considered as particle depending on the situation. Photons have detectable vibrations. In fact the length of the space it takes for them to go through one cycle of vibration determines the wavelength of a distinct bunch of photons. Moist of the light we dealt with as a wave length of few hundred nano meters. And it turns out that any nano-crystal router is going to have used the wave lengths of photons as a way to identify them. The nanoscopic crystal identifies different wavelengths of light by responding to how they travel. In fact different wavelengths of light travel at different angles when they are passing through a medium.
Optical communication is a pretty exclusive night club. Usually we allow only 1500 nano meter wavelength into the party because it’s the telecommunications standard wave length. So if crystal-based router s specifically designed to the 1500 nano meter wave length, it can be integrated into the inter net. It's important to note that different materials and crystal designs can be specifically tailored for a specific wavelength and only this specific wavelength excluding all others. That is if the photons don’t have the 1500nm ID, they cannot come into our communication system.
Magic with Mirrors
Mirrors are a handy, easy way to direct light around and they control the information super highway. Reflecting large portions of light beam is pretty easy. When we change the direction that mirror faces, we change the direction that the information flows. While it doesn’t get the details sorted out, it does move a lot more data around than the photonic crystals could by them selves. Combining these two
techniques to provide a more well-rounded and versatile router. We will probably have to settle for one of the many other ways to move mirror-to beam-steer. The following figure shows a fairly tiny mechanical solution: 256 mirrors on a few square cm of Silicon.
Conclusion
No matter which type of mirror-position in device we would like to use, the final step is in including it with the nano-router is fairly simple i.e., we use the mirror to direct the information in the form of light thus speeding up our telecommunication. At the end, the nano-router’s use of mirrors will probably be limited to bulk transmission of data, photonic crystals are faster for smaller chunks of information.