13-02-2013, 02:49 PM
ROBOTICS and COMPUTER VISION IN SWARM INTELLIGENCE and TRAFFIC SAFETY
[attachment=50709]
ABSTRACT:
An automotive controller that complements the driving experience must
work to avoid collisions, enforce a smooth trajectory, and deliver the vehicle to the intended destination as quickly as possible. Unfortunately, satisfying these requirements with traditional methods proves intractable at best and forces us to consider biologically -inspired techniques like Swarm
Intelligence. A controller is currently being designed in a robot simulation
program with the goal of implementing the system in real hardware to investigate these biologically-inspired techniques and to validate the results. This paper presents an idea that can be implemented in traffic safety by the application of Robotics & Computer Vision through Swarm Intelligence.
INTRODUCTION
We stand today at the culmination of the industrial revolution. For the last four centuries, rapid advances in science have fueled industrial society. In the twentieth century, industrialization found perhaps its greatest expression in Henry Ford's assembly line. Mass production affects almost every facet of modern life. Our food is mass produced in meat plants, commercial bakeries, and canaries. Our clothing is shipped by the ton from factories in China and Taiwan. Certainly all the amenities of our lives - our stereos, TVs, and microwave ovens - roll off assembly lines by the truck load.
Today, we're presented with another solution, that hopefully will fare better than its predecessors. It goes by the name of post-industrialism, and is commonly associated with our computer technology with Robots and Artificial Intelligence.
Robots are today where computers were 25 years ago. They're huge, hulking machines that sit on factory floors, consume massive resources and can only be afforded by large corporations and governments. Then came the PC revolution of the 1980s, when computers came out of the basements and landed on the desktops. So we're on the verge of a "PR" revolution today – a Personal Robotics revolution, which will bring the robots off the factory floor and put them in our homes, on our desktops and inside our vehicles.
Robot Mine Detectors
A computer is not a robot because it lacks mobility. Special-purpose machines are not robots because they automate only a few tasks. Remotecontrol devices work only with human participation and therefore are not robots.
The word 'robot' entered the English language in 1923 when the play 'R. U. R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)', written by the Czech author Karel Capek, was produced in London. (In Czech the word 'robota' means 'heavy labour'.)
The robot concept remained science fiction until 1961 when Unimation Inc. installed the world's first industrial robot in the US. Australia's first robot, also made by Unimation Inc., was introduced in 1974.
Up to now, most of the approximately 650,000 robots installed worldwide has been used in manufacturing. Typical applications are welding cars, spraying paint on appliances, assembling printed circuit boards, loading and unloading machines, defense, in satellite and telecommunication, surgery, and placing cartons on a pallet. The automobile and metal-manufacturing industries have been the main users. The mobility of these robots generally has been limited to a programmable mechanical arm. In some installations the platform on which the robot arm is mounted can travel automatically along a fixed rail.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has developed an international standard vocabulary (ISO 8373) to describe 'manipulating industrial robots operated in a manufacturing environment'. According to this standard such a robot must possess at least three programmable axes of motion.
The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and the Australian Robot Association follow this ISO standard when compiling robot statistics. Machines working in a manufacturing environment that have only one or two programmable axes of motion therefore are not included in these statistics.
Although the vast majority of robots today are used in factories, advances in technology are enabling robots to automate many tasks in nonmanufacturing industries such as agriculture, construction, health care, retailing and other services. Australia’s most famous robotics research project was concerned to develop a robot capable of shearing sheep.
Technologies that are being developed to extend robot capabilities include machine vision and other sensors, vehicles that can travel automatically on a variety of surfaces, and mechanisms able to manipulate flexible materials without damaging them. It is anticipated that robots will be utilized in the 21st century not only in industry but also at home. Potential domestic applications include assisting elderly or busy people to carry out tasks such as cleaning or cooking. The ISO has not yet produced a standardized definition of a robot used in non-manufacturing applications.
RESEARCH
Satisfying all of these conditions would be a tall order for traditional control algorithms. As a result, we look for inspiration from biological systems. The Principal advantage of a biologically inspired approach is that such techniques have stood the test of eons of competition and evolution. Not only are these techniques robust, they also have the advantage of scalable and distributed operation, as well as acceptance of existing heterogeneous agents.
[attachment=50709]
ABSTRACT:
An automotive controller that complements the driving experience must
work to avoid collisions, enforce a smooth trajectory, and deliver the vehicle to the intended destination as quickly as possible. Unfortunately, satisfying these requirements with traditional methods proves intractable at best and forces us to consider biologically -inspired techniques like Swarm
Intelligence. A controller is currently being designed in a robot simulation
program with the goal of implementing the system in real hardware to investigate these biologically-inspired techniques and to validate the results. This paper presents an idea that can be implemented in traffic safety by the application of Robotics & Computer Vision through Swarm Intelligence.
INTRODUCTION
We stand today at the culmination of the industrial revolution. For the last four centuries, rapid advances in science have fueled industrial society. In the twentieth century, industrialization found perhaps its greatest expression in Henry Ford's assembly line. Mass production affects almost every facet of modern life. Our food is mass produced in meat plants, commercial bakeries, and canaries. Our clothing is shipped by the ton from factories in China and Taiwan. Certainly all the amenities of our lives - our stereos, TVs, and microwave ovens - roll off assembly lines by the truck load.
Today, we're presented with another solution, that hopefully will fare better than its predecessors. It goes by the name of post-industrialism, and is commonly associated with our computer technology with Robots and Artificial Intelligence.
Robots are today where computers were 25 years ago. They're huge, hulking machines that sit on factory floors, consume massive resources and can only be afforded by large corporations and governments. Then came the PC revolution of the 1980s, when computers came out of the basements and landed on the desktops. So we're on the verge of a "PR" revolution today – a Personal Robotics revolution, which will bring the robots off the factory floor and put them in our homes, on our desktops and inside our vehicles.
Robot Mine Detectors
A computer is not a robot because it lacks mobility. Special-purpose machines are not robots because they automate only a few tasks. Remotecontrol devices work only with human participation and therefore are not robots.
The word 'robot' entered the English language in 1923 when the play 'R. U. R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)', written by the Czech author Karel Capek, was produced in London. (In Czech the word 'robota' means 'heavy labour'.)
The robot concept remained science fiction until 1961 when Unimation Inc. installed the world's first industrial robot in the US. Australia's first robot, also made by Unimation Inc., was introduced in 1974.
Up to now, most of the approximately 650,000 robots installed worldwide has been used in manufacturing. Typical applications are welding cars, spraying paint on appliances, assembling printed circuit boards, loading and unloading machines, defense, in satellite and telecommunication, surgery, and placing cartons on a pallet. The automobile and metal-manufacturing industries have been the main users. The mobility of these robots generally has been limited to a programmable mechanical arm. In some installations the platform on which the robot arm is mounted can travel automatically along a fixed rail.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has developed an international standard vocabulary (ISO 8373) to describe 'manipulating industrial robots operated in a manufacturing environment'. According to this standard such a robot must possess at least three programmable axes of motion.
The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) and the Australian Robot Association follow this ISO standard when compiling robot statistics. Machines working in a manufacturing environment that have only one or two programmable axes of motion therefore are not included in these statistics.
Although the vast majority of robots today are used in factories, advances in technology are enabling robots to automate many tasks in nonmanufacturing industries such as agriculture, construction, health care, retailing and other services. Australia’s most famous robotics research project was concerned to develop a robot capable of shearing sheep.
Technologies that are being developed to extend robot capabilities include machine vision and other sensors, vehicles that can travel automatically on a variety of surfaces, and mechanisms able to manipulate flexible materials without damaging them. It is anticipated that robots will be utilized in the 21st century not only in industry but also at home. Potential domestic applications include assisting elderly or busy people to carry out tasks such as cleaning or cooking. The ISO has not yet produced a standardized definition of a robot used in non-manufacturing applications.
RESEARCH
Satisfying all of these conditions would be a tall order for traditional control algorithms. As a result, we look for inspiration from biological systems. The Principal advantage of a biologically inspired approach is that such techniques have stood the test of eons of competition and evolution. Not only are these techniques robust, they also have the advantage of scalable and distributed operation, as well as acceptance of existing heterogeneous agents.