20-04-2013, 04:55 PM
[b]OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION AS MODERN TREND IN INSTRUMENTATION & CONTROL
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[attachment=53245]
Abstract:
As Wireless communication is gaining a lot of significance day by day, there is adverse effect on physical and mental health of human lives. The high frequency radiations used in mobile communication will even cover wide range of communication; the acceptance of this type of communication has limitations across the world. The replacement for such is provided by optical fiber communication as modern trend in instrumentation and control. The basic system consists of source, communication wire and destination process. The instrumentation and control is applied to OFC to control and estimate losses and to improve the overall efficiency of communication system. The basic operation of optical fiber relies on total internal reflection of light. The optical fiber not only used in underground concern but also in marine and sea level applications. The wide acceptance of this communication across the world serves for multiple services trough a single cable .This multiway service fascination lead the reliance infocom to launch three way communication services such as internet service, cable telecast and telephone communication through single optical fiber. The project costs near about 35000 crores uses OFC with modern instrumentation and Control.
INTRODUCTION
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of large number of sensor nodes which are low cost low power, thus it is need to investigate energy optimization methods. The sensor nodes are multifunction and in small size. Sensor nodes consist of sensing, data processing and communicating components. Sensor node collects parameter and transmits them to sink node. Energy constraints are an important issue in wireless sensor network. As battery powered sensor nodes are greatly constrained to prolong WSN lifetime. Since there is miniaturization of hardware components, it has become reality to develop intelligent sensor nodes with low cost and low power. Which are capable of data processing and wireless communication.
PRESSURE SENSOR
The smart pressure device series of pressure sensor are silicon based and encapsulated in modulated plastic dual in line package to accommodate six pins for through board printed mounting .The sensor comes in two different types as Gauge and Absolute. The Gauge type merely measures the pressure with respect to atmospheric pressure the absolute type contains reference vacuum chamber which is formed on die during manufacturing. The output voltage of both sides is proportional to pressure that is measured. Various pressure ranges are available .because of bridge resistance value SPD pressure sensor are suited for the use in combination with transducer interface which gives an easy band accurate interface for digital electronics.
RESET CIRCUIT
Reset is used for putting the microcontroller into a 'known' condition. That practically means that microcontroller can behave rather inaccurately under certain undesirable conditions. In order to continue its proper functioning it has to be reset, meaning all registers would be placed in a starting position. Reset is not only used when microcontroller doesn't behave the way we want it to, but can also be used when trying out a device as an interrupt in program execution, or to get a microcontroller ready when loading a program.
In order to prevent from bringing a logical zero RESET pin accidentally, RESET has to be connected via resistor to the positive supply pole AND a capacitor from RESET to the ground. Resistor should be between 5 and 10K and the capacitor can be in between 1µf tp 10 µf. This kind of resistor capacitor combination, gives the RC time delay for the µc to reset properly.
CONCLUSION
As conventional weather monitoring is continuous process but in disaster management weather changes occurs in sudden which disturb the human lives in such situation our system provide alertness by SMS. This paper aims for energy conservation of powered nodes which are battery operated by introducing sleep mode concept. The system can be implemented in naval research applications by introducing various latest algorithms such as randomized scheduling etc.
[/b]
[attachment=53245]
Abstract:
As Wireless communication is gaining a lot of significance day by day, there is adverse effect on physical and mental health of human lives. The high frequency radiations used in mobile communication will even cover wide range of communication; the acceptance of this type of communication has limitations across the world. The replacement for such is provided by optical fiber communication as modern trend in instrumentation and control. The basic system consists of source, communication wire and destination process. The instrumentation and control is applied to OFC to control and estimate losses and to improve the overall efficiency of communication system. The basic operation of optical fiber relies on total internal reflection of light. The optical fiber not only used in underground concern but also in marine and sea level applications. The wide acceptance of this communication across the world serves for multiple services trough a single cable .This multiway service fascination lead the reliance infocom to launch three way communication services such as internet service, cable telecast and telephone communication through single optical fiber. The project costs near about 35000 crores uses OFC with modern instrumentation and Control.
INTRODUCTION
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of large number of sensor nodes which are low cost low power, thus it is need to investigate energy optimization methods. The sensor nodes are multifunction and in small size. Sensor nodes consist of sensing, data processing and communicating components. Sensor node collects parameter and transmits them to sink node. Energy constraints are an important issue in wireless sensor network. As battery powered sensor nodes are greatly constrained to prolong WSN lifetime. Since there is miniaturization of hardware components, it has become reality to develop intelligent sensor nodes with low cost and low power. Which are capable of data processing and wireless communication.
PRESSURE SENSOR
The smart pressure device series of pressure sensor are silicon based and encapsulated in modulated plastic dual in line package to accommodate six pins for through board printed mounting .The sensor comes in two different types as Gauge and Absolute. The Gauge type merely measures the pressure with respect to atmospheric pressure the absolute type contains reference vacuum chamber which is formed on die during manufacturing. The output voltage of both sides is proportional to pressure that is measured. Various pressure ranges are available .because of bridge resistance value SPD pressure sensor are suited for the use in combination with transducer interface which gives an easy band accurate interface for digital electronics.
RESET CIRCUIT
Reset is used for putting the microcontroller into a 'known' condition. That practically means that microcontroller can behave rather inaccurately under certain undesirable conditions. In order to continue its proper functioning it has to be reset, meaning all registers would be placed in a starting position. Reset is not only used when microcontroller doesn't behave the way we want it to, but can also be used when trying out a device as an interrupt in program execution, or to get a microcontroller ready when loading a program.
In order to prevent from bringing a logical zero RESET pin accidentally, RESET has to be connected via resistor to the positive supply pole AND a capacitor from RESET to the ground. Resistor should be between 5 and 10K and the capacitor can be in between 1µf tp 10 µf. This kind of resistor capacitor combination, gives the RC time delay for the µc to reset properly.
CONCLUSION
As conventional weather monitoring is continuous process but in disaster management weather changes occurs in sudden which disturb the human lives in such situation our system provide alertness by SMS. This paper aims for energy conservation of powered nodes which are battery operated by introducing sleep mode concept. The system can be implemented in naval research applications by introducing various latest algorithms such as randomized scheduling etc.