07-05-2013, 04:54 PM
Microprocessor Basics
[attachment=53558]
What is a Microprocessor
A general-purpose digital computer central-processing-unit (CPU)
Not a complete computer; need to add memory and other items (peripherals)
ROM/RAM/keyboard…
Read, process, and store/display data
Microprocessor System Components
Memory
Input/output (I/O) device
The microprocessor chip
System buses
Microprocessor System Components
Microprocessor chip
The heart of the microprocessor
Controls all activities
Perform mathematical & logical (i.e. Boolean) operations
Determines the next action to be taken based on the result of preceding operation
Internal Architecture
Internal architecture: the parts within a microprocessor chip
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
Accumulator
Clock signals
Control unit
Internal data bus
Program counter (PC)
General purpose registers
Instruction register (IR)
Memory address register (MAR)
Status registers (SR)
How the CPU Executes Program Instructions
The first two steps make up what is called the instruction time, or fetch cycle
The last two steps make up what is called the execution time, or execution cycle.
The combination of the fetch cycle and execution cycle is called a machine cycle
Each type of central processing unit is designed to understand a specific group of instructions called the instruction set
Summary
Understanding microprocessors and microcontrollers
The components in a microprocessor system
Internal architecture of a microprocessor chip
Instruction fetch and execution
Comparing microprocessors & microcontrollers
[attachment=53558]
What is a Microprocessor
A general-purpose digital computer central-processing-unit (CPU)
Not a complete computer; need to add memory and other items (peripherals)
ROM/RAM/keyboard…
Read, process, and store/display data
Microprocessor System Components
Memory
Input/output (I/O) device
The microprocessor chip
System buses
Microprocessor System Components
Microprocessor chip
The heart of the microprocessor
Controls all activities
Perform mathematical & logical (i.e. Boolean) operations
Determines the next action to be taken based on the result of preceding operation
Internal Architecture
Internal architecture: the parts within a microprocessor chip
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
Accumulator
Clock signals
Control unit
Internal data bus
Program counter (PC)
General purpose registers
Instruction register (IR)
Memory address register (MAR)
Status registers (SR)
How the CPU Executes Program Instructions
The first two steps make up what is called the instruction time, or fetch cycle
The last two steps make up what is called the execution time, or execution cycle.
The combination of the fetch cycle and execution cycle is called a machine cycle
Each type of central processing unit is designed to understand a specific group of instructions called the instruction set
Summary
Understanding microprocessors and microcontrollers
The components in a microprocessor system
Internal architecture of a microprocessor chip
Instruction fetch and execution
Comparing microprocessors & microcontrollers