29-05-2013, 03:19 PM
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
[attachment=54436]
ABSTRACT
Water supply is the process of general requirement for supply of water from public water supply system or other sources like ground water and surface water to individual building and subsequent distribution of water to various parts of the building. The water from sources like public water supply system or ground water to individual buildings is supplied through pipes. A large proportion of capital is invested on pipes while designing water supply distribution system.
The following factors should be considered in selection of pipes:
Strength of pipe , water carrying capacity, life and durability, jointing process, maintenance and repairs.
VARIOUS TYPES OF PIPE
The pipes are available in several types and sizes. They may be classified into three groups according to the material used in their manufacturing.
Metallic pipes: the pipes such as CI Pipes, Steel pipes and GI Pipes.
Cement Pipes: the pipes such as Cement Pipes, Asbestos cement (AC) pipes, cement concrete pipes.
Plastic Pipes: the pipes such as Un-plasticized PVC (UPVC) pipes, Polythene Pipes (low density), Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC).
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
A building water supply system consists of service pipe, connecting devices such as pipes, fittings, control valves etc and all other appurtenances needed within the building premises.
In our project we had studied about water distribution system in a five storied building of dimensions 226x80 ½ feet with two cellars for parking. Each floor has 13 flats hence the entire building comprises of 65 flats.
Here CPVC pipes are used. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is a thermoplastic produced by chlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Uses include hot and cold water pipe, and industrial liquid handling.
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANCE AND NECESSITY FOR PLANNED WATER SUPPLIES
Next to the air, the other important requirement for human life to exist is water.
Water is available in various forms such as rivers, lake, streams etc. The earliest
civilizations organized on the banks of major river systems and required water for
drinking, bathing, cooking etc. But with the advancement of civilization the utility of
water enormously increased and now such a stage has come that without well organized
public water supply scheme, it is impossible to run the present civic life and the develop
the towns. The importance of water from only a quantity viewpoint was recognized from
the earliest days and the importance of quality come to be recognized gradually in the
later days. The earliest recorded knowledge of water quality and its treatment are found
in Sanskrit literature “SushuriSanhita” compiled about 2000 B.C. It deals with storage of
drinking water in copper vessels, exposure to sunlight, filtering through charcoal, sand
etc.
BASIC WATER SUPPLY AND WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
After the water is purified, it is released into the distribution system. The distribution system is an arrangement of connected pipes (called a run) that carries the water to its destination. This system usually needs a reservoir which collects surface water. The water supply system purifies and pumps the water into a storage tank has a means of heating some of this water. A water supply system receives, treats, and moves water to a water distribution system. Water may come from a stream or lake, a deep or shallow well, or any other source.
WATER SUPPLY LINES AND BRANCHES
The main water supply system provides potable cold water at the main at a pressure that meets National Plumbing Code standards. The water service main for the plumbing installation Ts into the main water supply. The plumbing system must provide enough water for normal use at each outlet.
Fixture supply risers take water from the main supply to the fixtures on each floor level. Each fixture supply riser must have a diameter large enough to supply water to all the fixtures it connects. The size is determined by the design load for the riser.
WATER PRESSURE
Pressure in the main usually ranges from 45 to 60 pounds per square inch (psi). If the pressure is over 60 psi, a pressure-reducing valve must be placed in the water service line at its entry to the building. The size of the water service pipeline, the rate of use, the length of the line, and the outlet height in the system control the pressure available at the outlet. If the water pressure is less than 15 psi, use a tank and a pump or other means to provide pressure. If the water pressure is over 80 psi, use an approved pressure regulator.
MAIN WATER SUPPLY LINE
The main water supply is a pipe, usually hung from a ceiling, with branches connected to serve the fixture risers. This supply pipe has the same diameter as the water service from the main and is centrally located to provide short takeoffs to the fixture supply risers throughout the building. To reduce friction loss, lay the main supply piping as straight as possible. The main supply pipe must not sag or trap water. It should be graded slightly, up to 1/4 inch per foot, dropping toward the water meter. At the low end of the
grade, place a drip cock or stop-and-waste valve for draining the pipe in the winter. A drainpipe may be needed to carry the wastewater from the opening in the valve to a floor drain or sump. If it is impossible to grade all the piping to one point, all parts that cannot be centrally drained should have separate drip cocks or stop-and-waste valves. The main supply pipe must be well supported to take its weight off the fittings and to prevent leaks.
VALVES- THE FLOW CONTROL DEVICE
A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically pipe fittings, but are usually discussed as a separate category. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from higher pressure to lower pressure.
The simplest, and very ancient, valve is simply a freely hinged flap which drops to obstruct fluid (gas or liquid) flow in one direction, but is pushed open by flow in the opposite direction.
In daily life, most noticeable are plumbing valves, such as taps for tap water.
TESTING AND DISINFECTING PIPING SYSTEM
TESTING FOR LEAKS
Inspecting for leaks is important. A leaky joint definitely wastes water and causes costly damage to the building. In new construction, test the entire system for leaks before the floor and partitions are closed up. When performing this test, use the water pressure from the main that feeds the system. While the system is under pressure, inspect each joint for moisture. If a leak is detected in a joint, tighten the joint or replace it by cutting the pipe and connecting a new section with a union. When working with copper soldered joints or plastic solvent-cement joints, drain the pipe and then connect the joint. Copper compression joints can be tightened or replaced.
DISINFECTING THE PIPING SYSTEM
After installation or repair, clean and disinfect plumbing pipes and other parts of a water supply system carrying drinking water before use. Flush the system to remove dirt, waste, and surface water. Disinfect each unit with a chemical such as a solution of hypochlorite or chlorine.
[attachment=54436]
ABSTRACT
Water supply is the process of general requirement for supply of water from public water supply system or other sources like ground water and surface water to individual building and subsequent distribution of water to various parts of the building. The water from sources like public water supply system or ground water to individual buildings is supplied through pipes. A large proportion of capital is invested on pipes while designing water supply distribution system.
The following factors should be considered in selection of pipes:
Strength of pipe , water carrying capacity, life and durability, jointing process, maintenance and repairs.
VARIOUS TYPES OF PIPE
The pipes are available in several types and sizes. They may be classified into three groups according to the material used in their manufacturing.
Metallic pipes: the pipes such as CI Pipes, Steel pipes and GI Pipes.
Cement Pipes: the pipes such as Cement Pipes, Asbestos cement (AC) pipes, cement concrete pipes.
Plastic Pipes: the pipes such as Un-plasticized PVC (UPVC) pipes, Polythene Pipes (low density), Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC).
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
A building water supply system consists of service pipe, connecting devices such as pipes, fittings, control valves etc and all other appurtenances needed within the building premises.
In our project we had studied about water distribution system in a five storied building of dimensions 226x80 ½ feet with two cellars for parking. Each floor has 13 flats hence the entire building comprises of 65 flats.
Here CPVC pipes are used. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is a thermoplastic produced by chlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin. Uses include hot and cold water pipe, and industrial liquid handling.
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANCE AND NECESSITY FOR PLANNED WATER SUPPLIES
Next to the air, the other important requirement for human life to exist is water.
Water is available in various forms such as rivers, lake, streams etc. The earliest
civilizations organized on the banks of major river systems and required water for
drinking, bathing, cooking etc. But with the advancement of civilization the utility of
water enormously increased and now such a stage has come that without well organized
public water supply scheme, it is impossible to run the present civic life and the develop
the towns. The importance of water from only a quantity viewpoint was recognized from
the earliest days and the importance of quality come to be recognized gradually in the
later days. The earliest recorded knowledge of water quality and its treatment are found
in Sanskrit literature “SushuriSanhita” compiled about 2000 B.C. It deals with storage of
drinking water in copper vessels, exposure to sunlight, filtering through charcoal, sand
etc.
BASIC WATER SUPPLY AND WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
After the water is purified, it is released into the distribution system. The distribution system is an arrangement of connected pipes (called a run) that carries the water to its destination. This system usually needs a reservoir which collects surface water. The water supply system purifies and pumps the water into a storage tank has a means of heating some of this water. A water supply system receives, treats, and moves water to a water distribution system. Water may come from a stream or lake, a deep or shallow well, or any other source.
WATER SUPPLY LINES AND BRANCHES
The main water supply system provides potable cold water at the main at a pressure that meets National Plumbing Code standards. The water service main for the plumbing installation Ts into the main water supply. The plumbing system must provide enough water for normal use at each outlet.
Fixture supply risers take water from the main supply to the fixtures on each floor level. Each fixture supply riser must have a diameter large enough to supply water to all the fixtures it connects. The size is determined by the design load for the riser.
WATER PRESSURE
Pressure in the main usually ranges from 45 to 60 pounds per square inch (psi). If the pressure is over 60 psi, a pressure-reducing valve must be placed in the water service line at its entry to the building. The size of the water service pipeline, the rate of use, the length of the line, and the outlet height in the system control the pressure available at the outlet. If the water pressure is less than 15 psi, use a tank and a pump or other means to provide pressure. If the water pressure is over 80 psi, use an approved pressure regulator.
MAIN WATER SUPPLY LINE
The main water supply is a pipe, usually hung from a ceiling, with branches connected to serve the fixture risers. This supply pipe has the same diameter as the water service from the main and is centrally located to provide short takeoffs to the fixture supply risers throughout the building. To reduce friction loss, lay the main supply piping as straight as possible. The main supply pipe must not sag or trap water. It should be graded slightly, up to 1/4 inch per foot, dropping toward the water meter. At the low end of the
grade, place a drip cock or stop-and-waste valve for draining the pipe in the winter. A drainpipe may be needed to carry the wastewater from the opening in the valve to a floor drain or sump. If it is impossible to grade all the piping to one point, all parts that cannot be centrally drained should have separate drip cocks or stop-and-waste valves. The main supply pipe must be well supported to take its weight off the fittings and to prevent leaks.
VALVES- THE FLOW CONTROL DEVICE
A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically pipe fittings, but are usually discussed as a separate category. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from higher pressure to lower pressure.
The simplest, and very ancient, valve is simply a freely hinged flap which drops to obstruct fluid (gas or liquid) flow in one direction, but is pushed open by flow in the opposite direction.
In daily life, most noticeable are plumbing valves, such as taps for tap water.
TESTING AND DISINFECTING PIPING SYSTEM
TESTING FOR LEAKS
Inspecting for leaks is important. A leaky joint definitely wastes water and causes costly damage to the building. In new construction, test the entire system for leaks before the floor and partitions are closed up. When performing this test, use the water pressure from the main that feeds the system. While the system is under pressure, inspect each joint for moisture. If a leak is detected in a joint, tighten the joint or replace it by cutting the pipe and connecting a new section with a union. When working with copper soldered joints or plastic solvent-cement joints, drain the pipe and then connect the joint. Copper compression joints can be tightened or replaced.
DISINFECTING THE PIPING SYSTEM
After installation or repair, clean and disinfect plumbing pipes and other parts of a water supply system carrying drinking water before use. Flush the system to remove dirt, waste, and surface water. Disinfect each unit with a chemical such as a solution of hypochlorite or chlorine.