08-06-2013, 12:57 PM
VLSI IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
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ABSTRACT:
This is the world of VLSI. Presently all most all the people are using technology in various forms like mobiles, i-pods, i-phones etc., Every one enjoys technology but only a few know about VLSI design in world design and its working. Coming to VLSI it is the process of creating integrated circuits by combing 1000`s of transistor based circuits in to a single chip. It began 1970`s when complex semi conductors and communication technologies were being developed, But now it has become key to many sophisticated electronic devices. As the subject is a big ocean we laid our emphasis on VLSI chip coupled with SDR technology used in mobiles. VLSI technology makes the mobile affordable and SDR technology make its flexible. Coming to the role of soft ware define radio abbreviated as SDR, it helps one to access different net works like CDMA, GSM, WILL etc. Basically SDR is radio communication system which can potentially tune to any frequency band and received any modulation across a large frequency spectrum by means of little hard ware as possible and process it signals through soft ware
INTRODUCTION
This paper introduces the basic design of SDR, use of VLSI chips in mobiles and their working principles. Tele communication industry is one of the highly developed segments which are dependent on VLSI technology. SDR also plays a prominent role in the mobile communication VLSI helps in reducing the size and price of the mobile where as SDR increases the flexibility of the mobile.
VLSI TECHNOLOGY:
Most of the student is exposed to ICs at a very basic level involving SSI and MSI circuits like multiplexers, encoders, decoders etc. VLSI is the next stage of SSI and MSI. This field involves packing more and more logic devices into smaller and smaller areas. Particularly in this era of Nano technology simplicity plays a very prominent role for any device. This is possible by using VLSI design. But this design involves a lot of expertise in many fronts like system architecture, logic and circuit design way for fabrication etc. A lot of knowledge is required for the actual implementation and design of VLSI.
Digital VLSI circuits are predominantly CMOS based. The way normal blocks like latches and gates are implemented is different from what students have seen so far, but the behavior remains the same. All the miniaturization involves new things to consider. A lot of thought has to go into actual implementations as well as design. Let us look at some of the factors involved.
a) CIRCUIT DELAYS: Large complicated circuits running at very high frequencies have one big problem to tackle - the problem of delays in propagation of signals through gates and wires ... even for areas a few micrometers across! The operation speed is so large that as the delays add up, they can actually become comparable to the clock speeds.
b) POWER: Another effect of high operation frequencies is increased consumption of power. This has two-fold effect - devices consume batteries faster, and heat dissipation increases. Coupled with the fact that surface areas have decreased, heat poses a major threat to the stability of the circuit itself.
c) LAYOUT: Laying out the circuit components is task common to all branches of electronics. What’s so special in our case is that there are many possible ways to do this; there can be multiple layers of different materials on the same silicon, there can be different arrangements of the smaller parts for the same component and so on.
The power dissipation and speed in a circuit present a trade-off; if we try to optimize on one, the other is affected. The choice between the two is determined by the way we chose the layout the circuit components. Layout can also affect the fabrication of VLSI chips, making it either easy or difficult to implement the components on the silicon.
CONCLUSION:
If we take geographical conditions into account, some networks will be advantageous in one part of the world and the other at some other places. Using different phones for this purpose will be some what inconvenient. So having ability to use all the networks will be a welcome always. With the advent of SDR one needs just one set to access different networks, thereby, providing flexibility. Dual Simcards phones developed based on SDR technology have gained good response. In countries like India, price place an important role in determining the demand for a particular product, and also interest towards compact and simple devices is increasing day by day. In this context a lot of progress has been made in the circuit design. As VLSI has succeeded in reducing the cost and also making the product efficient it has gained a lot of craze. Most of the companies are producing the product based on single chip design.
[attachment=55005]
ABSTRACT:
This is the world of VLSI. Presently all most all the people are using technology in various forms like mobiles, i-pods, i-phones etc., Every one enjoys technology but only a few know about VLSI design in world design and its working. Coming to VLSI it is the process of creating integrated circuits by combing 1000`s of transistor based circuits in to a single chip. It began 1970`s when complex semi conductors and communication technologies were being developed, But now it has become key to many sophisticated electronic devices. As the subject is a big ocean we laid our emphasis on VLSI chip coupled with SDR technology used in mobiles. VLSI technology makes the mobile affordable and SDR technology make its flexible. Coming to the role of soft ware define radio abbreviated as SDR, it helps one to access different net works like CDMA, GSM, WILL etc. Basically SDR is radio communication system which can potentially tune to any frequency band and received any modulation across a large frequency spectrum by means of little hard ware as possible and process it signals through soft ware
INTRODUCTION
This paper introduces the basic design of SDR, use of VLSI chips in mobiles and their working principles. Tele communication industry is one of the highly developed segments which are dependent on VLSI technology. SDR also plays a prominent role in the mobile communication VLSI helps in reducing the size and price of the mobile where as SDR increases the flexibility of the mobile.
VLSI TECHNOLOGY:
Most of the student is exposed to ICs at a very basic level involving SSI and MSI circuits like multiplexers, encoders, decoders etc. VLSI is the next stage of SSI and MSI. This field involves packing more and more logic devices into smaller and smaller areas. Particularly in this era of Nano technology simplicity plays a very prominent role for any device. This is possible by using VLSI design. But this design involves a lot of expertise in many fronts like system architecture, logic and circuit design way for fabrication etc. A lot of knowledge is required for the actual implementation and design of VLSI.
Digital VLSI circuits are predominantly CMOS based. The way normal blocks like latches and gates are implemented is different from what students have seen so far, but the behavior remains the same. All the miniaturization involves new things to consider. A lot of thought has to go into actual implementations as well as design. Let us look at some of the factors involved.
a) CIRCUIT DELAYS: Large complicated circuits running at very high frequencies have one big problem to tackle - the problem of delays in propagation of signals through gates and wires ... even for areas a few micrometers across! The operation speed is so large that as the delays add up, they can actually become comparable to the clock speeds.
b) POWER: Another effect of high operation frequencies is increased consumption of power. This has two-fold effect - devices consume batteries faster, and heat dissipation increases. Coupled with the fact that surface areas have decreased, heat poses a major threat to the stability of the circuit itself.
c) LAYOUT: Laying out the circuit components is task common to all branches of electronics. What’s so special in our case is that there are many possible ways to do this; there can be multiple layers of different materials on the same silicon, there can be different arrangements of the smaller parts for the same component and so on.
The power dissipation and speed in a circuit present a trade-off; if we try to optimize on one, the other is affected. The choice between the two is determined by the way we chose the layout the circuit components. Layout can also affect the fabrication of VLSI chips, making it either easy or difficult to implement the components on the silicon.
CONCLUSION:
If we take geographical conditions into account, some networks will be advantageous in one part of the world and the other at some other places. Using different phones for this purpose will be some what inconvenient. So having ability to use all the networks will be a welcome always. With the advent of SDR one needs just one set to access different networks, thereby, providing flexibility. Dual Simcards phones developed based on SDR technology have gained good response. In countries like India, price place an important role in determining the demand for a particular product, and also interest towards compact and simple devices is increasing day by day. In this context a lot of progress has been made in the circuit design. As VLSI has succeeded in reducing the cost and also making the product efficient it has gained a lot of craze. Most of the companies are producing the product based on single chip design.