12-06-2013, 03:21 PM
Abstract For zigbee technology
[attachment=55306]
ABSTRACT
This paper aims at presenting the concept of Sigsbee, the name of a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard for wireless personal area networks (Weans), such as wireless headphones connecting with cell phones via short-range radio. The technology is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other Weans, such as Bluetooth. Sigsbee is targeted at radio-frequency (RF) applications that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking.
Overview:
Sigsbee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh networking standard. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications, the low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries, and the mesh networking provides high reliability and larger range.
The Sigsbee Alliance, the standards body which defines Sigsbee, also publishes application profiles that allow multiple OEM vendors to create interoperable products. The current list of application profiles either published or in the works are:
Home Automation
Sigsbee Smart Energy
Telecommunication Applications
Personal Home
Hospital Care
Sigsbee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands; 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in countries such as USA and Australia, and 2.4 GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide. The technology is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other Weans such as Bluetooth. Sigsbee chip vendors typically sell integrated radios and microcontrollers with between 60K and 128K flash memory, such as the Free scale MC13213, the Ember EM250 and the Texas Instruments CC2430. Radios are also available stand-alone to be used with any processor or microcontroller. Generally, the chip vendors also offer the Sigsbee software stack, although independent ones are also available.
Uses:
Sigsbee protocols are intended for use in embedded applications requiring low data rates and low power consumption. Sigsbee’s current focus is to define a general-purpose, inexpensive, self-organizing mesh network that can be used for industrial control, embedded sensing, medical data collection, smoke and intruder warning, building automation, home automation, etc. The resulting network will use very small amounts of power -- individual devices must have a battery life of at least two years to pass Sigsbee certification.
Protocols:
The protocols build on recent algorithmic research (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector, neuron) to automatically construct a low-speed ad-hoc network of nodes. In most large network instances, the network will be a cluster of clusters. It can also form a mesh or a single cluster. The current profiles derived from the Sigsbee protocols support beacon and non-beacon enabled networks.
In non-beacon-enabled networks (those whose beacon order is 15), an unspotted CSMA/CA channel access mechanism is used. In this type of network, Sigsbee Routers typically have their receivers continuously active, requiring a more robust power supply. However, this allows for heterogeneous networks in which some devices receive continuously, while others only transmit when an external stimulus is detected. The typical example of a heterogeneous network is a wireless light switch: the Sigsbee node at the lamp may receive constantly, since it is connected to the mains supply, while a battery-powered light switch would remain asleep until the switch is thrown. The switch then wakes up, sends a command to the lamp, receives an acknowledgment, and returns to sleep. In such a network the lamp node will be at least a Sigsbee Router, if not the Sigsbee Coordinator; the switch node is typically a Sigsbee End Device.
Software and hardware:
The software is designed to be easy to develop on small, inexpensive microprocessors. The radio design used by Sigsbee has been carefully optimized for low cost in large scale production. It has few analog stages and uses digital circuits wherever possible.
Even though the radios themselves are inexpensive, the Sigsbee Qualification Process involves a full validation of the requirements of the physical layer. This amount of concern about the Physical Layer has multiple benefits, since all radios derived from that semiconductor mask set would enjoy the same RF characteristics. On the other hand, an uncertified physical layer that malfunctions could cripple the battery lifespan of other devices on a Sigsbee network. Where other protocols can mask poor sensitivity or other esoteric problems in a fade compensation response, Sigsbee radios have very tight engineering constraints: they are both power and bandwidth constrained. Thus, radios are tested to the ISO 17025 standard with guidance given by Clause 6 of the 802.15.4-2006 Standard. Most vendors plan to integrate the radio and microcontroller onto a single chip.
[attachment=55306]
ABSTRACT
This paper aims at presenting the concept of Sigsbee, the name of a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2006 standard for wireless personal area networks (Weans), such as wireless headphones connecting with cell phones via short-range radio. The technology is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other Weans, such as Bluetooth. Sigsbee is targeted at radio-frequency (RF) applications that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking.
Overview:
Sigsbee is a low-cost, low-power, wireless mesh networking standard. The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications, the low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries, and the mesh networking provides high reliability and larger range.
The Sigsbee Alliance, the standards body which defines Sigsbee, also publishes application profiles that allow multiple OEM vendors to create interoperable products. The current list of application profiles either published or in the works are:
Home Automation
Sigsbee Smart Energy
Telecommunication Applications
Personal Home
Hospital Care
Sigsbee operates in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands; 868 MHz in Europe, 915 MHz in countries such as USA and Australia, and 2.4 GHz in most jurisdictions worldwide. The technology is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other Weans such as Bluetooth. Sigsbee chip vendors typically sell integrated radios and microcontrollers with between 60K and 128K flash memory, such as the Free scale MC13213, the Ember EM250 and the Texas Instruments CC2430. Radios are also available stand-alone to be used with any processor or microcontroller. Generally, the chip vendors also offer the Sigsbee software stack, although independent ones are also available.
Uses:
Sigsbee protocols are intended for use in embedded applications requiring low data rates and low power consumption. Sigsbee’s current focus is to define a general-purpose, inexpensive, self-organizing mesh network that can be used for industrial control, embedded sensing, medical data collection, smoke and intruder warning, building automation, home automation, etc. The resulting network will use very small amounts of power -- individual devices must have a battery life of at least two years to pass Sigsbee certification.
Protocols:
The protocols build on recent algorithmic research (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector, neuron) to automatically construct a low-speed ad-hoc network of nodes. In most large network instances, the network will be a cluster of clusters. It can also form a mesh or a single cluster. The current profiles derived from the Sigsbee protocols support beacon and non-beacon enabled networks.
In non-beacon-enabled networks (those whose beacon order is 15), an unspotted CSMA/CA channel access mechanism is used. In this type of network, Sigsbee Routers typically have their receivers continuously active, requiring a more robust power supply. However, this allows for heterogeneous networks in which some devices receive continuously, while others only transmit when an external stimulus is detected. The typical example of a heterogeneous network is a wireless light switch: the Sigsbee node at the lamp may receive constantly, since it is connected to the mains supply, while a battery-powered light switch would remain asleep until the switch is thrown. The switch then wakes up, sends a command to the lamp, receives an acknowledgment, and returns to sleep. In such a network the lamp node will be at least a Sigsbee Router, if not the Sigsbee Coordinator; the switch node is typically a Sigsbee End Device.
Software and hardware:
The software is designed to be easy to develop on small, inexpensive microprocessors. The radio design used by Sigsbee has been carefully optimized for low cost in large scale production. It has few analog stages and uses digital circuits wherever possible.
Even though the radios themselves are inexpensive, the Sigsbee Qualification Process involves a full validation of the requirements of the physical layer. This amount of concern about the Physical Layer has multiple benefits, since all radios derived from that semiconductor mask set would enjoy the same RF characteristics. On the other hand, an uncertified physical layer that malfunctions could cripple the battery lifespan of other devices on a Sigsbee network. Where other protocols can mask poor sensitivity or other esoteric problems in a fade compensation response, Sigsbee radios have very tight engineering constraints: they are both power and bandwidth constrained. Thus, radios are tested to the ISO 17025 standard with guidance given by Clause 6 of the 802.15.4-2006 Standard. Most vendors plan to integrate the radio and microcontroller onto a single chip.