14-06-2013, 04:50 PM
Survey of Latest Wireless Cellular Technologies for Enhancement of Spectral Density at Reduced Cost
[attachment=55444]
Abstract
The future of mobile wireless communication networks will
include existing 3rd generation, 4th generation (implemented
in Japan, USA, South Korea etc.), 5th generation (based on
cognitive radio which implies the whole wireless world
interconnection & WISDOM – Wireless innovative System for
Dynamic Operating Megacommunications concept), 6th
generation (with very high data rates Quality of Service (QoS)
and service applications) and
7th generation (with space roaming). This paper is focused on the
specifications of future generations and latest technologies to be
used in future wireless mobile communication
networks.
However keeping in view the general poor masses of India, some
of the future generation technologies will be embedded with 2G
and 2.5G so that general masses may get the advantage of
internet, multimedia services and the operators may get
proper revenues with little extra expenditure in the existing
mobile communication networks.
Introduction
Mobile devices together with the intelligence that will be
embedded in human environments - home, office, public
places - will create a new platform that enables ubiquitous
sensing, computing, storage and communication. Core
requirements for this kind of ubiquitous ambient
intelligence are that the devices are autonomous and robust.
They can be deployed easily and require little maintenance.
As shown in Fig 1, mobile device will be the gateways to
personally access ambient intelligence and needed
information. Mobile also implies limited size and
restrictions on the power consumption. Seamless
connectivity with other devices and fixed networks is a
crucial enabler for ambient intelligence system - this leads
to requirements for increased data-rates of the wireless
links.
Review
First Generation (1G)-Analog System
The first generation wireless mobile communication system
is not digital technology, but analog cellular telephone
system which was used for voice service only during the
early 1980s [4]. This Advanced Mobile Phone System
(AMPS) was a frequency modulated analog mobile radio
system using Frequency Division Multiple Access
(FDMA) with 30kHz channels occupying the 824MHz −
894MHz frequency band and a first commercial cellular
system deployed until the early 1990’s [5].
OFDM
3G systems such as high speed packet access (HSPA)
provide up to round 15-20 Mbps downlink and about 5-10
Mbps uplink. 4G systems are being designed to support 5
to 10 times these rates (i.e. downlink above 100 Mbps and
uplink above 50 Mbps). OFDMA is based on orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing. At first OFDM was used
into fixed access WIMAX 802.16D to provide high speed
internet access either as a replacement for other access
technologies like ADSL or cable, or to provide service in
regions where the other access technologies where not
deployed.
The widespread interests of OFDM become clear from a
glance at OFDM characteristics. In 802.11a, OFDM
provides raw data rates up to 54 Mbits / s in a 20-MHz
channel. In addition to supporting high data capacity and
resisting degradation from various types of radio effects,
OFDM makes highly efficient use of the available
spectrum. The latter characteristic will become crucial in
coming years as wireless networks are built out.
Software Defined Radio
Software Defined Radio (SDR) benefits from today’s high
processing power to develop multi-band, multi-standard
base stations and terminals. Although in future the
terminals will adapt the air interface to the available radio
access technology, at present this is done by the
infrastructure. Several infrastructure gains are expected
from SDR. For example, to increase network capacity at a
specific time (e.g. during a sports event), an operator will
reconfigure its network adding several modems at a given
Base Transceiver Station (BTS).
SDR makes this reconfiguration easy. In the context of 4G
systems, SDR will become an enabler for the aggregation
of multi-standard pico/micro cells. For a manufacturer, this
can be a powerful aid to providing multi-standard, multiband
equipment with reduced development effort and costs
through simultaneous multi-channel processing.
Benefit of Nanotechnology
Mobility also implies limited size and restriction on the
power consumption. Seamless connectivity with other
devices and fixed networks is a crucial enabler for ambient
intelligence systems- this leads to requirements for
increased data rates of the wireless links. Intelligence,
sensing, context awareness, and increased data rates require
more memory and computing power, which together with
the size limitations leads to severe challenges in thermal
management.[10], [11]
All these requirements combined lead to a situation which
can not be resolved with current technologies.
Nanotechnology could provide solutions for sensing,
actuation, radio, embedding intelligence into the
environment, power efficient computing, memory, energy
sources, human-machine interaction, materials, mechanics,
manufacturing, and environmental issues [6].
Conclusion
technologies have been presented & discussed. The
important technologies required for achieving desired
specifications were also discussed and finally roadmap for
probable 5G, 6G and 7G networks have been proposed.
5G obtains the tool technology to interconnect and
integrate all the wireless network types and thus gains the
needed network infrastructure (CR network).
6G will integrate all wireless mobile networks with
satellites to get global coverage.
7G wireless mobile networks are going to unite the four
GPS systems available in space to get space roaming in
addition to 6G systems.
[attachment=55444]
Abstract
The future of mobile wireless communication networks will
include existing 3rd generation, 4th generation (implemented
in Japan, USA, South Korea etc.), 5th generation (based on
cognitive radio which implies the whole wireless world
interconnection & WISDOM – Wireless innovative System for
Dynamic Operating Megacommunications concept), 6th
generation (with very high data rates Quality of Service (QoS)
and service applications) and
7th generation (with space roaming). This paper is focused on the
specifications of future generations and latest technologies to be
used in future wireless mobile communication
networks.
However keeping in view the general poor masses of India, some
of the future generation technologies will be embedded with 2G
and 2.5G so that general masses may get the advantage of
internet, multimedia services and the operators may get
proper revenues with little extra expenditure in the existing
mobile communication networks.
Introduction
Mobile devices together with the intelligence that will be
embedded in human environments - home, office, public
places - will create a new platform that enables ubiquitous
sensing, computing, storage and communication. Core
requirements for this kind of ubiquitous ambient
intelligence are that the devices are autonomous and robust.
They can be deployed easily and require little maintenance.
As shown in Fig 1, mobile device will be the gateways to
personally access ambient intelligence and needed
information. Mobile also implies limited size and
restrictions on the power consumption. Seamless
connectivity with other devices and fixed networks is a
crucial enabler for ambient intelligence system - this leads
to requirements for increased data-rates of the wireless
links.
Review
First Generation (1G)-Analog System
The first generation wireless mobile communication system
is not digital technology, but analog cellular telephone
system which was used for voice service only during the
early 1980s [4]. This Advanced Mobile Phone System
(AMPS) was a frequency modulated analog mobile radio
system using Frequency Division Multiple Access
(FDMA) with 30kHz channels occupying the 824MHz −
894MHz frequency band and a first commercial cellular
system deployed until the early 1990’s [5].
OFDM
3G systems such as high speed packet access (HSPA)
provide up to round 15-20 Mbps downlink and about 5-10
Mbps uplink. 4G systems are being designed to support 5
to 10 times these rates (i.e. downlink above 100 Mbps and
uplink above 50 Mbps). OFDMA is based on orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing. At first OFDM was used
into fixed access WIMAX 802.16D to provide high speed
internet access either as a replacement for other access
technologies like ADSL or cable, or to provide service in
regions where the other access technologies where not
deployed.
The widespread interests of OFDM become clear from a
glance at OFDM characteristics. In 802.11a, OFDM
provides raw data rates up to 54 Mbits / s in a 20-MHz
channel. In addition to supporting high data capacity and
resisting degradation from various types of radio effects,
OFDM makes highly efficient use of the available
spectrum. The latter characteristic will become crucial in
coming years as wireless networks are built out.
Software Defined Radio
Software Defined Radio (SDR) benefits from today’s high
processing power to develop multi-band, multi-standard
base stations and terminals. Although in future the
terminals will adapt the air interface to the available radio
access technology, at present this is done by the
infrastructure. Several infrastructure gains are expected
from SDR. For example, to increase network capacity at a
specific time (e.g. during a sports event), an operator will
reconfigure its network adding several modems at a given
Base Transceiver Station (BTS).
SDR makes this reconfiguration easy. In the context of 4G
systems, SDR will become an enabler for the aggregation
of multi-standard pico/micro cells. For a manufacturer, this
can be a powerful aid to providing multi-standard, multiband
equipment with reduced development effort and costs
through simultaneous multi-channel processing.
Benefit of Nanotechnology
Mobility also implies limited size and restriction on the
power consumption. Seamless connectivity with other
devices and fixed networks is a crucial enabler for ambient
intelligence systems- this leads to requirements for
increased data rates of the wireless links. Intelligence,
sensing, context awareness, and increased data rates require
more memory and computing power, which together with
the size limitations leads to severe challenges in thermal
management.[10], [11]
All these requirements combined lead to a situation which
can not be resolved with current technologies.
Nanotechnology could provide solutions for sensing,
actuation, radio, embedding intelligence into the
environment, power efficient computing, memory, energy
sources, human-machine interaction, materials, mechanics,
manufacturing, and environmental issues [6].
Conclusion
technologies have been presented & discussed. The
important technologies required for achieving desired
specifications were also discussed and finally roadmap for
probable 5G, 6G and 7G networks have been proposed.
5G obtains the tool technology to interconnect and
integrate all the wireless network types and thus gains the
needed network infrastructure (CR network).
6G will integrate all wireless mobile networks with
satellites to get global coverage.
7G wireless mobile networks are going to unite the four
GPS systems available in space to get space roaming in
addition to 6G systems.