18-06-2013, 02:53 PM
WIRELESS RESCUE ROBOT
[attachment=55630]
INTRODUCTION
The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory. This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms.
This Project deals with live human detection robot, based on 8 bit Microcontroller. Here we are using PIR sensor for detect the which are detect human. The project is mainly used in the DEBRIS for Earth quake rescue.
Internally it consists of IR sensors. The infrared sensors are used to sense the live persons. All the above systems are controlled by the Microcontroller. In our project we are using the popular 8 bit microcontroller 89s52.
The Microcontroller is used to control the motors. It gets the signals from the PIR sensors and it drives the motors according to the sensor inputs. Two DC Gare motors are used to drive the robot.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF 8051
In 1981, Intel Corporation introduced an 8 bit microcontroller called 8051. this microcontroller had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of chip ROM, two timers, one serial port, and four ports all on a single chip. At the time it was also referred as “ A SYSTEM ON A CHIP”
The 8051 is an 8-bit processor meaning that the CPU can work only on 8 bits data at a time. Data larger than 8 bits has to be broken into 8 bits pieces to be processed by the CPU. The 8051 has a total of four I\O ports each 8 bit wide.
There are many versions of 8051 with different speeds and amount of on-chip ROM and they are all compatible with the original 8051. this means that if you write a program for one it will run on any of them.
The 8051 is an original member of the 8051 family. There are two other
members in the 8051 family of microcontrollers. They are 8052 and 8031. All the three
microcontrollers will have the same internal architecture, but they differ in the following
aspects.
• 8031 has 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts.
• 8051 has 4K ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts.
• 8052 has 8K ROM, 256 bytes of RAM, three timers and 8 interrupts.
Of the three microcontrollers, 8051 is the most preferable. Microcontroller supports both serial and parallel communication.
Hence in the concerned project 8052 microcontroller is used. Here microcontroller used is AT89S52, which is manufactured by ATMEL laboratories.
NECESSITY OF MICROCONTROLLERS:
Microprocessors brought the concept of programmable devices and made many applications of intelligent equipment. Most applications, which do not need large amount of data and program memory, tended to be costly.
The microprocessor system had to satisfy the data and program requirements so, sufficient RAM and ROM are used to satisfy most applications .The peripheral control equipment also had to be satisfied. Therefore, almost all-peripheral chips were used in the design. Because of these additional peripherals cost will be comparatively high.
An example:
8085 chip needs:
An Address latch for separating address from multiplex address and data.32-KB RAM and 32-KB ROM to be able to satisfy most applications. As also Timer / Counter, Parallel programmable port, Serial port, and Interrupt controller are needed for its efficient applications.
In comparison a typical Micro controller 8051 chip has all that the 8051 board has except a reduced memory as follows.
4K bytes of ROM as compared to 32-KB, 128 Bytes of RAM as compared to 32-KB.
Bulky:
On comparing a board full of chips (Microprocessors) with one chip with all components in it (Microcontroller).
Introduction to AT89S52
The system requirements and control specifications clearly rule out the use of 16, 32 or 64 bit micro controllers or microprocessors. Systems using these may be earlier to implement due to large number of internal features. They are also faster and more reliable but, the above application is satisfactorily served by 8-bit micro controller. Using an inexpensive 8-bit Microcontroller will doom the 32-bit product failure in any competitive market place. Coming to the question of why to use 89S52 of all the 8-bit Microcontroller available in the market the main answer would be because it has 8kB Flash and 256 bytes of data RAM32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a Eight-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry.
In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power Down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. The Flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in Serial In-System Programming (ISP). The 89S52 is also In-Application Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash program memory to be reconfigured even while the application is running.
L293 MOTOR DRIVER
The L293 is an integrated circuit motor driver that can be used for simultaneous, bi-directional control of two small motors. Small means small. The L293 is limited to 600 mA, but in reality can only handle much small currents unless you have done some serious heat sinking to keep the case temperature down. Unsure about whether the L293 will work with your motor? Hook up the circuit and run your motor while keeping your finger on the chip. If it gets too hot to touch, you can't use it with your motor. (Note to ME2011 students: The L293 should be OK for your small motor but is not OK for your gear motor.)
Theory
A liquid crystal is a material (normally organic for LCDs) that will flow like a liquid but whose molecular structure has some properties normally associated with solids. The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a low power device. The power requirement is typically in the order of microwatts for the LCD. However, an LCD requires an external or internal light source. It is limited to a temperature range of about 0°C to 60°C and lifetime is an area of concern, because LCDs can chemically degrade.
There are two major types of LCDs which are:
1. Dynamic-scattering LCDs and
2. Field-effect LCDs
The turn-on and turn-off time is an important consideration in all displays. The response time of LCDs is in the range of 100 to 300ms.The lifetime of LCDs is steadily increasing beyond 10,000+hours limit. Since the color generated by LCD units is dependent on the source of illumination, there is a wide range of color choice.
Conclusion:
The project “HUMAN DETECTION ROBOT” has been successfully designed and tested. Integrating features of all the hardware components used have developed it. Presence of all reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working. The controller makes use of a PIR based input sensor to sense the human being and give us an alert indication. Also use of a remote which is used to control the robot.
Hence this project provides best solution for the human to detect terrorist/thief inside the building.
[attachment=55630]
INTRODUCTION
The advent of new high-speed technology and the growing computer capacity provided realistic opportunity for new robot controls and realization of new methods of control theory. This technical improvement together with the need for high performance robots created faster, more accurate and more intelligent robots using new robots control devices, new drives and advanced control algorithms.
This Project deals with live human detection robot, based on 8 bit Microcontroller. Here we are using PIR sensor for detect the which are detect human. The project is mainly used in the DEBRIS for Earth quake rescue.
Internally it consists of IR sensors. The infrared sensors are used to sense the live persons. All the above systems are controlled by the Microcontroller. In our project we are using the popular 8 bit microcontroller 89s52.
The Microcontroller is used to control the motors. It gets the signals from the PIR sensors and it drives the motors according to the sensor inputs. Two DC Gare motors are used to drive the robot.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF 8051
In 1981, Intel Corporation introduced an 8 bit microcontroller called 8051. this microcontroller had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of chip ROM, two timers, one serial port, and four ports all on a single chip. At the time it was also referred as “ A SYSTEM ON A CHIP”
The 8051 is an 8-bit processor meaning that the CPU can work only on 8 bits data at a time. Data larger than 8 bits has to be broken into 8 bits pieces to be processed by the CPU. The 8051 has a total of four I\O ports each 8 bit wide.
There are many versions of 8051 with different speeds and amount of on-chip ROM and they are all compatible with the original 8051. this means that if you write a program for one it will run on any of them.
The 8051 is an original member of the 8051 family. There are two other
members in the 8051 family of microcontrollers. They are 8052 and 8031. All the three
microcontrollers will have the same internal architecture, but they differ in the following
aspects.
• 8031 has 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts.
• 8051 has 4K ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts.
• 8052 has 8K ROM, 256 bytes of RAM, three timers and 8 interrupts.
Of the three microcontrollers, 8051 is the most preferable. Microcontroller supports both serial and parallel communication.
Hence in the concerned project 8052 microcontroller is used. Here microcontroller used is AT89S52, which is manufactured by ATMEL laboratories.
NECESSITY OF MICROCONTROLLERS:
Microprocessors brought the concept of programmable devices and made many applications of intelligent equipment. Most applications, which do not need large amount of data and program memory, tended to be costly.
The microprocessor system had to satisfy the data and program requirements so, sufficient RAM and ROM are used to satisfy most applications .The peripheral control equipment also had to be satisfied. Therefore, almost all-peripheral chips were used in the design. Because of these additional peripherals cost will be comparatively high.
An example:
8085 chip needs:
An Address latch for separating address from multiplex address and data.32-KB RAM and 32-KB ROM to be able to satisfy most applications. As also Timer / Counter, Parallel programmable port, Serial port, and Interrupt controller are needed for its efficient applications.
In comparison a typical Micro controller 8051 chip has all that the 8051 board has except a reduced memory as follows.
4K bytes of ROM as compared to 32-KB, 128 Bytes of RAM as compared to 32-KB.
Bulky:
On comparing a board full of chips (Microprocessors) with one chip with all components in it (Microcontroller).
Introduction to AT89S52
The system requirements and control specifications clearly rule out the use of 16, 32 or 64 bit micro controllers or microprocessors. Systems using these may be earlier to implement due to large number of internal features. They are also faster and more reliable but, the above application is satisfactorily served by 8-bit micro controller. Using an inexpensive 8-bit Microcontroller will doom the 32-bit product failure in any competitive market place. Coming to the question of why to use 89S52 of all the 8-bit Microcontroller available in the market the main answer would be because it has 8kB Flash and 256 bytes of data RAM32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a Eight-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry.
In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power Down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. The Flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in Serial In-System Programming (ISP). The 89S52 is also In-Application Programmable (IAP), allowing the Flash program memory to be reconfigured even while the application is running.
L293 MOTOR DRIVER
The L293 is an integrated circuit motor driver that can be used for simultaneous, bi-directional control of two small motors. Small means small. The L293 is limited to 600 mA, but in reality can only handle much small currents unless you have done some serious heat sinking to keep the case temperature down. Unsure about whether the L293 will work with your motor? Hook up the circuit and run your motor while keeping your finger on the chip. If it gets too hot to touch, you can't use it with your motor. (Note to ME2011 students: The L293 should be OK for your small motor but is not OK for your gear motor.)
Theory
A liquid crystal is a material (normally organic for LCDs) that will flow like a liquid but whose molecular structure has some properties normally associated with solids. The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a low power device. The power requirement is typically in the order of microwatts for the LCD. However, an LCD requires an external or internal light source. It is limited to a temperature range of about 0°C to 60°C and lifetime is an area of concern, because LCDs can chemically degrade.
There are two major types of LCDs which are:
1. Dynamic-scattering LCDs and
2. Field-effect LCDs
The turn-on and turn-off time is an important consideration in all displays. The response time of LCDs is in the range of 100 to 300ms.The lifetime of LCDs is steadily increasing beyond 10,000+hours limit. Since the color generated by LCD units is dependent on the source of illumination, there is a wide range of color choice.
Conclusion:
The project “HUMAN DETECTION ROBOT” has been successfully designed and tested. Integrating features of all the hardware components used have developed it. Presence of all reasoned out and placed carefully thus contributing to the best working. The controller makes use of a PIR based input sensor to sense the human being and give us an alert indication. Also use of a remote which is used to control the robot.
Hence this project provides best solution for the human to detect terrorist/thief inside the building.