17-07-2013, 02:59 PM
Microstrip Patch Antenna
[attachment=56657]
ABSTRACT
A patch antenna (also known as a rectangular microstrip antenna) is a type of radio antenna
with a low profile, which can be mounted on a flat surface. It consists of a flat rectangular sheet
or "patch" of metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane. The assembly is
usually contained inside a plastic radome, which protects the antenna structure from damage.
Patch antennas are simple to fabricate and easy to modify and customize. They are the original
type of microstrip antenna described by Howell [1]; the two metal sheets together form a
resonant piece of microstrip transmission line with a length of approximately one-half
wavelength of the radio waves. The radiation mechanism arises from discontinuities at each
truncated edge of the microstrip transmission line [2]. The radiation at the edges causes the
antenna to act slightly larger electrically than its physical dimensions, so in order for the antenna
to be resonant, a length of microstrip transmission line slightly shorter than one-half a
wavelength at the frequency is used. A patch antenna is usually constructed on a dielectric
substrate, using the same materials and lithography processes used to make printed circuit
boards. A patch printed onto a dielectric board is often more convenient to fabricate and is a bit
smaller Patch antennas utilized by industry often use ground planes which are only modestly
larger than the patch, which also alters their performance. The details of the feed structure affect
bandwidth as well [3].
[attachment=56657]
ABSTRACT
A patch antenna (also known as a rectangular microstrip antenna) is a type of radio antenna
with a low profile, which can be mounted on a flat surface. It consists of a flat rectangular sheet
or "patch" of metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane. The assembly is
usually contained inside a plastic radome, which protects the antenna structure from damage.
Patch antennas are simple to fabricate and easy to modify and customize. They are the original
type of microstrip antenna described by Howell [1]; the two metal sheets together form a
resonant piece of microstrip transmission line with a length of approximately one-half
wavelength of the radio waves. The radiation mechanism arises from discontinuities at each
truncated edge of the microstrip transmission line [2]. The radiation at the edges causes the
antenna to act slightly larger electrically than its physical dimensions, so in order for the antenna
to be resonant, a length of microstrip transmission line slightly shorter than one-half a
wavelength at the frequency is used. A patch antenna is usually constructed on a dielectric
substrate, using the same materials and lithography processes used to make printed circuit
boards. A patch printed onto a dielectric board is often more convenient to fabricate and is a bit
smaller Patch antennas utilized by industry often use ground planes which are only modestly
larger than the patch, which also alters their performance. The details of the feed structure affect
bandwidth as well [3].